In-situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle Scattering Reveals Mechanisms for Phase Distribution and Disorientation in 2D Halide Perovskite Films

Hoffman, Justin M.; Strzalka, Joseph; Flanders, Nathan C.; Hadar, Ido; Cuthriell, Shelby A.; Zhang, Qingteng; Schaller, Richard D.; Dichtel, William R.; Chen, Lin X.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

doi:10.1002/adma.202002812

In-situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle Scattering Reveals Mechanisms for Phase Distribution and Disorientation in 2D Halide Perovskite Films

Journal Article · Thu Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002812· OSTI ID:1657238

Hoffman, Justin M. ^[1]; Strzalka, Joseph ^[2]; Flanders, Nathan C. ^[1]; Hadar, Ido ^[1]; Cuthriell, Shelby A. ^[1]; Zhang, Qingteng ^[2]; Schaller, Richard D. ^[3]; Dichtel, William R. ^[1]; Chen, Lin X. ^[3]; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. ^[1]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites with the formula (A')₂(A)_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1 have remarkable stability and promising efficiency in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, yet fundamental understanding of film formation, key to optimizing these devices, is lacking. In this study, in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to monitor film formation during spin-coating. This elucidates the general film formation mechanism of 2D halide perovskites during one-step spin-coating. There are three stages of film formation: sol-gel, oriented 3D, and 2D. Three precursor phases form during the sol-gel stage and transform to perovskite, first giving a highly oriented 3D-like phase at the air/liquid interface followed by subsequent nucleations forming slightly less oriented 2D perovskite. Furthermore, heating before crystallization leads to fewer nucleations and faster removal of the precursors, improving orientation. This outlines the primary causes of phase distribution and perpendicular orientation in 2D perovskite films and paves the way for rationally designed film fabrication techniques.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Office of Naval Research (ONR); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); US Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; SC0001059

OSTI ID:: 1657238

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1635735

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 32; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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