skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Journal Article · · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16] more »;  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [2];  [15];  [9];  [3];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [15];  [22];  [6];  [27];  [13];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [20];  [31];  [3];  [15];  [6];  [32];  [21];  [33];  [34];  [28];  [2];  [20];  [20];  [22];  [28];  [35]; ORCiD logo [6];  [36];  [12];  [37];  [3];  [38];  [22];  [39];  [40];  [29];  [32];  [20];  [26];  [40];  [34];  [11];  [41];  [22];  [42];  [22];  [30];  [38];  [15];  [28];  [43];  [11];  [24];  [24];  [36];  [44];  [38];  [24];  [37];  [41];  [31];  [39];  [21];  [37];  [33];  [44];  [29]; ORCiD logo [6];  [6];  [37];  [6];  [21];  [37];  [45];  [21];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [27];  [28];  [15];  [34];  [44];  [21];  [8]; ORCiD logo [6];  [46];  [29];  [37];  [21];  [47];  [12];  [39];  [3];  [48];  [24];  [37];  [21];  [37];  [20];  [25];  [20];  [49];  [36];  [15];  [18];  [50];  [20];  [22];  [39];  [48];  [15];  [22];  [39];  [51];  [38];  [52];  [30];  [28];  [53];  [18];  [54];  [36] « less
  1. Stony Brook University
  2. Brookhaven National Laboratory
  3. Colorado State University
  4. VISITORS
  5. Friedrich-Alexander-University
  6. BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
  7. Carleton Univeristy, Ontairo Canada
  8. Duke University
  9. University of Illinois
  10. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National
  11. University of South Dakota
  12. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
  13. Other
  14. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  15. Laurentian University of Sudbury
  16. Institute of High nergy Physics, Beijing, China
  17. High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  18. Chinese Academy of Sciences
  19. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
  20. Carleton University
  21. Universite de Sherbrooke
  22. Stanford University
  23. University of North Carolina
  24. McGill University
  25. Indiana University-Bloomington
  26. University of British Columbia
  27. TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  28. Drexel University
  29. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
  30. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  31. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  32. University of Massachusetts at Amherst
  33. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  34. TRIUMF
  35. LLNL
  36. Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg
  37. University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
  38. Yale University
  39. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  40. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
  41. Colorado School Of Mines
  42. IBS Center for Underground Physics in Korea
  43. Lanzhou University
  44. SLAC National Accelerator Lab
  45. University of Massachusetts
  46. Lawrence Livermore National Lab
  47. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental PHysics, Moscow, Russia
  48. Institute of High Energy Physics
  49. University of Bem
  50. Queen's University (Ontario)
  51. Chinese Academic of Sciences
  52. Beijing Institute of Genomics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  53. Institute for Theoretical adn Experimental Physics
  54. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
+ Show Author Affiliations

Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semitransparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1.97 ± 0.04 mm/µs and (-0.69 ± 0.05)%/K for liquid xenon, and 1.42 ± 0.03 mm/µs and (+0.11 ± 0.01)%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25.7±4.6 cm2/s and 149±23 cm2/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1775352
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-161070
Journal Information:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 972
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (35)

Searches for double beta decay of Xe 134 with EXO-200 journal November 2017
XENON100 dark matter results from a combination of 477 live days journal December 2016
Low-mass dark matter search using ionization signals in XENON100 journal November 2016
Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure journal January 2017
The XENON1T dark matter experiment journal December 2017
Search for nucleon decays with EXO-200 journal April 2018
Improved measurement of the 2 ν β β half-life of 136 Xe with the EXO-200 detector journal January 2014
Dark Matter Results from 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment journal October 2017
Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double- β decay journal June 2018
Correlated fluctuations between luminescence and ionization in liquid xenon journal August 2003
Characterization of large area APDs for the EXO-200 detector
  • Neilson, R.; LePort, F.; Pocar, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 608, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.029
journal September 2009
Liquid xenon detectors for particle physics and astrophysics journal July 2010
Electron transport measurements in methane using an improved pulsed Townsend technique journal July 1986
Electron Mobility and Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficient in High-Density Gaseous Xenon journal November 2012
Measurements of swarm parameters and derived electron collision cross sections in methane journal May 1989
Drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficient of electrons in pure ethene journal July 2011
Measurement of longitudinal electron diffusion in liquid argon
  • Li, Yichen; Tsang, Thomas; Thorn, Craig
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 816 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.094
journal April 2016
Design of grid Ionization Chambers journal September 1949
Effect of molecular solutes on the electron drift velocity in liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe journal July 1976
Charge Transport in Solid and Liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe journal February 1968
Longitudinal electron diffusion coefficients in gases: Noble gases journal June 1992
Measurement of the drift velocity and transverse diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with the EXO-200 detector journal February 2017
Analysis of the XENON100 dark matter search data journal February 2014
First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility journal March 2014
Electroluminescence pulse shape and electron diffusion in liquid argon measured in a dual-phase TPC
  • Agnes, P.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Alexander, T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 904 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.077
journal October 2018
Recent developments of liquid xenon detectors journal May 1982
Anisotropic diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with application to improving the sensitivity of direct dark matter searches journal April 2011
Field dependence of electronic recoil signals in a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber journal October 2018
Coulomb explosion of uniformly charged spheroids journal November 2011
A simple and effective purifier for liquid xenon
  • Benetti, P.; Bettini, A.; Calligarich, E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 329, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90954-G
journal May 1993
Electron drift and longitudinal diffusion in high pressure xenon-helium gas mixtures journal August 2019
Theory of Electron Diffusion Parallel to Electric Fields. II. Application to Real Gases journal May 1969
Longitudinal diffusion of electrons in electrostatic fields in gases journal June 1969
A Thermodynamic Treatment of Anisotropic Diffusion in an Electric Field journal January 1972
Low-energy electron drift and scattering in krypton and xenon journal December 1988

Similar Records

Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode
Journal Article · Sat Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment · OSTI ID:1775352
+152 more
Measurement of the drift velocity and transverse diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with the EXO-200 detector
Journal Article · Tue Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Physical Review C · OSTI ID:1775352
+83 more
Electron drift in a large scale solid xenon
Journal Article · Fri Aug 21 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Instrumentation · OSTI ID:1775352

Related Subjects