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Title: Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Journal Article · · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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  1. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  3. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
  4. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
  5. Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany)
  6. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  7. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, ON (Canada)
  8. Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Triangle Universities Nuclear Lab.
  9. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  10. National Research Centre, Moscow (Russia). Kurchatov Institute
  11. Univ. of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD (United States)
  12. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  13. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
  14. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada); TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  15. Laurentian Univ., Sudbury, ON (Canada)
  16. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
  17. Univ. de Sherbrooke, QC (Canada)
  18. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  19. Univ. of North Carolina at Wilmington, NC (United States)
  20. Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
  21. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada); TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  22. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  23. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
  24. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  25. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  26. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
  27. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, ON (Canada); TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  28. Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)
  29. Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
  30. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
  31. IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon (Korea)
  32. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  33. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported here. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1 . 97 ± 0 . 04 m m / μ s and ( – 0 . 69 ± 0 . 05 ) %/K for liquid xenon, and 1 . 42 ± 0 . 03 m m / μ s and ( + 0 . 11 ± 0 . 01 ) %/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25 . 7 ± 4 . 6 cm 2 /s and 149 ± 23 cm 2 /s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.

Research Organization:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); A. McDonald Institute; Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF); Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies (FRQNT); National Research Council Canada (NRC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
Contributing Organization:
nEXO Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0017970; FG02-01ER41166; SC0012704; SC0020509; AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1660467
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1693388; OSTI ID: 1780790; OSTI ID: 1781300; OSTI ID: 1830764; OSTI ID: 1992104
Report Number(s):
BNL-220018-2020-JAAM; LLNL-JRNL-822096; TRN: US2203512
Journal Information:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 972; ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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