Effects of elastic softening and helium accumulation kinetics on surface morphological evolution of plasma-facing tungsten

Chen, Chao-Shou; Dasgupta, Dwaipayan; Weerasinghe, Asanka; Wirth, Brian D.; Maroudas, Dimitrios

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/abbf64

Effects of elastic softening and helium accumulation kinetics on surface morphological evolution of plasma-facing tungsten

Journal Article · Sat Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abbf64· OSTI ID:1774797

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Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Based on a continuous-domain model, capable of accessing the spatiotemporal scales relevant to fuzz formation on the surface of plasma-facing component (PFC) tungsten, we report self-consistent simulation results that elucidate the effects of elastic softening and helium (He) accumulation kinetics on the surface morphological response of PFC tungsten. The model accounts for the softening of the elastic moduli in the near-surface region of PFC tungsten, including both thermal softening at high temperature and softening due to He accumulation upon He implantation. The dependence of the elastic moduli on the He content follows an exponential scaling relation predicted by molecular-dynamics simulations, while the He content in the near-surface region of PFC tungsten evolves according to a first-order saturation kinetics, consistent with experimental and simulation results reported in the literature. We establish that this elastic softening accelerates both nanotendril growth on the PFC surface and the onset of fuzz formation. We also explore the role of the rate of He accumulation to a saturation level in the near-surface region of irradiated tungsten in the onset of fuzz formation. For PFC tungsten surfaces such as W(110) where, under typical irradiation conditions, the characteristic time scale for stress-driven surface diffusion is comparable to the characteristic time scale for He accumulation, we find that accelerating the rate of He accumulation accelerates the growth rate of nanotendrils emanating from the surface. Additionally, we present a systematic parametric study of the PFC surface morphological response to explore its dependence on the He accumulation kinetics that is controlled by the irradiation conditions for low-energy implantation. Finally, we introduce an incubation time for nanotendril growth on the PFC surface, a concept equivalent to that of incubation fluence discussed in the literature, to predict and explain the minimum exposure time required to observe fuzz formation on PFC tungsten surfaces.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0006661; SC0018421

OSTI ID:: 1774797

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1783329
OSTI ID: 23129569

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 61; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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elastic softening
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surface morphological evolution model
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Effects of elastic softening and helium accumulation kinetics on surface morphological evolution of plasma-facing tungsten

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References (47)

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