Surface-Activated Corrosion in Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Mundt, Laura E.; Tong, Jinhui; Palmstrom, Axel F.; Dunfield, Sean P.; Zhu, Kai; Berry, Joseph J.; Schelhas, Laura T.; Ratcliff, Erin L.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01445

Surface-Activated Corrosion in Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Tue Sep 29 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01445· OSTI ID:1769342

^[1]; Tong, Jinhui ^[2]; Palmstrom, Axel F. ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[4]; ^[5]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado Boulder, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Mixed tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells have promising power conversion efficiencies, but long-term stability is still a challenge. Here, we examine the stability of a 60:40 tin–lead perovskite to better understand diminished device performance upon thermal treatment, both in ambient and inert atmosphere. Operando X-ray diffraction shows a stable bulk structure of the perovskite absorber, leading to the hypothesis that surface chemistry dominates the degradation mechanism. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals two new observations post-thermal annealing that accompany previously reported Sn⁴⁺ evolution: (i) the formation of I₃^– intermediates preceding I₂ loss at the surface and (ii) evidence of under-coordinated tin and lead surface sites (Sn^δ<2+ and Pb^δ<2+, respectively) in inert and ambient conditions. These two species indicate an activated corrosion (i.e., both oxidation and reduction) process at the surface as a possible chemical pathway for degradation, which is expected to be accelerated under operando voltage and light biases.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1769342

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1762455

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 5; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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