Variation in hyphal production rather than turnover regulates standing fungal biomass in temperate hardwood forests

Cheeke, Tanya E.; Phillips, Richard P.; Kuhn, Alexander; Rosling, Anna; Fransson, Petra

doi:10.1002/ecy.3260

Variation in hyphal production rather than turnover regulates standing fungal biomass in temperate hardwood forests

Journal Article · Sun Jan 31 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Ecology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3260· OSTI ID:1768682

^[1]; ^[2]; Kuhn, Alexander ^[3]; Rosling, Anna ^[4]; Fransson, Petra ^[5]

School of Biological Sciences Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland Washington 99354 USA, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 E Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Irvine 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine California 92697 USA
Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology program Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden

Abstract

Soil fungi link above‐ and belowground carbon (C) fluxes through their interactions with plants and contribute to C and nutrient dynamics through the production, turnover, and activity of fungal hyphae. Despite their importance to ecosystem processes, estimates of hyphal production and turnover rates are relatively uncommon, especially in temperate hardwood forests. We sequentially harvested hyphal ingrowth bags to quantify the rates of Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) hyphal production and turnover in three hardwood forests in the Midwestern United States, where plots differed in their abundance of arbuscular (AM)‐ vs. ectomycorrhizal (ECM)‐associated trees. Hyphal production rates increased linearly with the percentage of ECM trees and annual production rates were 66% higher in ECM‐ than AM‐dominated plots. Hyphal turnover rates did not differ across the mycorrhizal gradient (plots varying in their abundance of AM vs. ECM trees), suggesting that the greater fungal biomass in ECM‐dominated plots relates to greater fungal production rather than slower fungal turnover. Differences in hyphal production across the gradient aligned with distinctly different fungal communities and activities. As ECM trees increased in dominance, fungi inside ingrowth bags produced more extracellular enzymes involved in degrading nitrogen (N)‐bearing relative to C‐bearing compounds, suggesting greater fungal (and possibly plant) N demand in ECM‐dominated soils. Collectively, our results demonstrate that shifts in temperate tree species composition that result in changes in the dominant type of mycorrhizal association may have strong impacts on Dikarya hyphal production, fungal community composition and extracellular enzyme activity, with important consequences for soil C and N cycling.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1768682

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1804604
OSTI ID: 1816334

Journal Information:: Ecology, Journal Name: Ecology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 102; ISSN 0012-9658

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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