Evaluation of simulated soil carbon dynamics in Arctic-Boreal ecosystems

Huntzinger, D. N.; Schaefer, K.; Schwalm, C.; Fisher, J. B.; Hayes, D.; Stofferahn, E.; Carey, J.; Michalak, A. M.; Wei, Y.; Jain, A. K.; Kolus, H.; Mao, J.; Poulter, B.; Shi, X.; Tang, J.; Tian, H.

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab6784

Evaluation of simulated soil carbon dynamics in Arctic-Boreal ecosystems

Journal Article · Thu Feb 06 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Environmental Research Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6784· OSTI ID:1761691

Huntzinger, D. N. ^[1]; Schaefer, K. ^[2]; Schwalm, C. ^[3]; ^[4]; Hayes, D. ^[5]; ^[4]; Carey, J. ^[6]; Michalak, A. M. ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[9]; ^[1]; ^[10]; Poulter, B. ^[11]; ^[10]; Tang, J. ^[12]; Tian, H. ^[13]

Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). National Snow and Ice Data Center
Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States); Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Center for Ecosystems and Society
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Babson College, Babson Park, MA (United States)
Carnegie Inst. of Science, Stanford, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Climate Change Science Inst.
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Climate Chance Science Inst.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Biospheric Sciences Lab.
Marine Biology Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Auburn Univ., AL (United States)

Given the magnitude of soil carbon stocks in northern ecosystems, and the vulnerability of these stocks to climate warming, land surface models must accurately represent soil carbon dynamics in these regions. We evaluate soil carbon stocks and turnover rates, and the relationship between soil carbon loss with soil temperature and moisture, from an ensemble of eleven global land surface models. We focus on the region of NASA's Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) in North America to inform data collection and model development efforts. Models exhibit an order of magnitude difference in estimates of current total soil carbon stocks, generally under- or overestimating the size of current soil carbon stocks by greater than 50 PgC. We find that a model's soil carbon stock at steady-state in 1901 is the prime driver of its soil carbon stock a hundred years later—overwhelming the effect of environmental forcing factors like climate. The greatest divergence between modeled and observed soil carbon stocks is in regions dominated by peat and permafrost soils, suggesting that models are failing to capture the frozen soil carbon dynamics of permafrost regions. Using a set of functional benchmarks to test the simulated relationship of soil respiration to both soil temperature and moisture, we find that although models capture the observed shape of the soil moisture response of respiration, almost half of the models examined show temperature sensitivities, or Q10 values, that are half of observed. Significantly, models that perform better against observational constraints of respiration or carbon stock size do not necessarily perform well in terms of their functional response to key climatic factors like changing temperature. This suggests that models may be arriving at the right result, but for the wrong reason. The results of this work can help to bridge the gap between data and models by both pointing to the need to constrain initial carbon pool sizes, as well as highlighting the importance of incorporating functional benchmarks into ongoing, mechanistic modeling activities such as those included in ABoVE.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); US Geological Survey

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1761691

Journal Information:: Environmental Research Letters, Journal Name: Environmental Research Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 15; ISSN 1748-9326

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Arctic-Boreal
functional benchmark
soil carbon
soil respiration
terrestrial carbon cycle

Evaluation of simulated soil carbon dynamics in Arctic-Boreal ecosystems

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