Thermal emittance and lifetime of alkali-antimonide photocathodes grown on GaAs and molybdenum substrates evaluated in a –300 kV dc photogun

Wang, Y.; Mamun, M. A.; Adderley, P.; Bullard, B.; Grames, J.; Hansknecht, J.; Hernandez-Garcia, C.; Kazimi, R.; Krafft, G. A.; Palacios-Serrano, G.; Poelker, M.; Stutzman, M. L.; Suleiman, R.; Tiefenback, M.; Wijethunga, S.; Yoskowitz, J.; Zhang, S.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.103401

Title: Thermal emittance and lifetime of alkali-antimonide photocathodes grown on GaAs and molybdenum substrates evaluated in a –300 kV dc photogun

Journal Article · Wed Oct 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.103401· OSTI ID:1670828

; Mamun, M. A.; Adderley, P.; Bullard, B.;

; Hansknecht, J.;

; Kazimi, R.; Krafft, G. A.;

; Poelker, M.;

;

; Tiefenback, M.;

;

; Zhang, S.

In this work, Cs_xK_ySb photocathodes grown on GaAs and molybdenum substrates were evaluated using a –300 kV dc high voltage photogun and diagnostic beam line. Photocathodes grown on GaAs substrates, with varying antimony layer thickness (estimated range from <20 nm to >1 um), yielded similar thermal emittance per rms laser spot size values (~0.4 mmmrad=mm) but very different operating lifetime. Similar thermal emittance was obtained for a photocathode grown on a molybdenum substrate but with markedly improved lifetime. For this photocathode, no decay in quantum efficiency was measured at 4.5 mA average current and with peak current 0.55 A at the photocathode.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

OSTI ID:: 1670828

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1670990

Report Number(s):: JLAB-ACO-20-3246; DOE/OR/23177-5050; PRABCJ; 103401

Journal Information:: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Vol. 23 Journal Issue: 10; ISSN 2469-9888

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (22)

High voltage performance of a dc photoemission electron gun with centrifugal barrel-polished electrodes Hernandez-Garcia, C.; Bullard, D.; Hannon, F. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994794	journal	September 2017
A low emittance and high efficiency visible light photocathode for high brightness accelerator-based X-ray light sources Vecchione, T.; Ben-Zvi, I.; Dowell, D. H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3612916	journal	July 2011
Experimental investigation of thermal emittance components of copper photocathode Qian, H. J.; Li, C.; Du, Y. C. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.15.040102	journal	April 2012
Bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes for high brightness accelerators Schubert, S.; Ruiz-Osés, M.; Ben-Zvi, I. APL Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821625	journal	September 2013
Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies Ruiz-Osés, M.; Schubert, S.; Attenkofer, K. APL Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902544	journal	December 2014
Near atomically smooth alkali antimonide photocathode thin films Feng, Jun; Karkare, Siddharth; Nasiatka, James Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974363	journal	January 2017
Effect of Sb thickness on the performance of bialkali-antimonide photocathodes Mamun, Md Abdullah A.; Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A.; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 2, Article No. 021509 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4939563	journal	March 2016
Charge lifetime measurements at high average current using a $K_{2} CsSb$ photocathode inside a dc high voltage photogun Mammei, R. R.; Suleiman, R.; Feingold, J. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.033401	journal	March 2013
Correlation of CsK ₂ Sb photocathode lifetime with antimony thickness Mamun, M. A.; Hernandez-Garcia, C.; Poelker, M. APL Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4922319	journal	June 2015
Refractive indices change at 633 nm of antimony thin films prepared by heliconwave-plasma sputtering method Shima, Takayuki; Kim, Jooho; Tominaga, Junji Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1368841	journal	May 2001
Temperature dependence of alkali-antimonide photocathodes: Evaluation at cryogenic temperatures Mamun, M. A.; Hernandez-Flores, M. R.; Morales, E. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.103403	journal	October 2017
Thermal emittance measurements of a cesium potassium antimonide photocathode Bazarov, Ivan; Cultrera, Luca; Bartnik, Adam Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3596450	journal	May 2011
Optical properties of bialkali photocathodes Motta, D.; Schönert, S. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 539, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.10.009	journal	February 2005
Bi-alkali antimonide photocathode growth: An X-ray diffraction study Schubert, Susanne; Wong, Jared; Feng, Jun Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4959218	journal	July 2016
Photocathode behavior during high current running in the Cornell energy recovery linac photoinjector Cultrera, Luca; Maxson, Jared; Bazarov, Ivan Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.120101	journal	December 2011
Optical properties of an EMI K2CsSb bialkali photocathode Moorhead, M. E.; Tanner, N. W. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 378, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(96)00447-0	journal	August 1996
Synthesis and x-ray characterization of sputtered bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes Gaowei, M.; Ding, Z.; Schubert, S. APL Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5010950	journal	November 2017
Overestimation of thermal emittance in solenoid scans due to coupled transverse motion Zheng, Lianmin; Shao, Jiahang; Du, Yingchao Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 21, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.122803	journal	December 2018
Simulation studies of modulator for coherent electron cooling Ma, Jun; Wang, Xingyu; Wang, Gang Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 21, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.111001	journal	November 2018
Compact $- 300 kV$ dc inverted insulator photogun with biased anode and alkali-antimonide photocathode Hernandez-Garcia, C.; Adderley, P.; Bullard, B. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 22, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.113401	journal	November 2019
Cathode R&D for future light sources Dowell, D. H.; Bazarov, I.; Dunham, B. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 622, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.104	journal	October 2010
Optical properties of GaAs Akinlami, J. O.; Ashamu, A. O. Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 34, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/34/3/032002	journal	March 2013