The Molybdenum Oxide Interface Limits the High-Temperature Operational Stability of Unencapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells

Schloemer, Tracy H.; Raiford, James A.; Gehan, Timothy S.; Moot, Taylor; Nanayakkara, Sanjini; Harvey, Steven P.; Bramante, Rosemary C.; Dunfield, Sean; Louks, Amy E.; Maughan, Annalise E.; Bliss, Lyle; McGehee, Michael D.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Reese, Matthew O.; Bent, Stacey F.; Berry, Joseph J.; Luther, Joseph M.; Sellinger, Alan

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01023

Title: The Molybdenum Oxide Interface Limits the High-Temperature Operational Stability of Unencapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01023· OSTI ID:1660219

^[1];

^[2]; Gehan, Timothy S. ^[3]; Moot, Taylor ^[4]; Nanayakkara, Sanjini ^[4];

^[4]; Bramante, Rosemary C. ^[4];

^[5]; Louks, Amy E. ^[4]; Maughan, Annalise E. ^[4]; Bliss, Lyle ^[5];

^[5];

^[4];

^[2]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[4];

^[4];

^[4]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Here, we report on the improved operational stability of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) aged in an ambient atmosphere at elevated temperatures (70 °C) for >1000 h under constant illumination and bias at 30–50% relative humidity. We identify a previously unseen interfacial degradation mechanism concerning the use of a MoO_x interlayer, which was originally added to increase operational stability. Specifically, the hole-transport layer/MoO_x interface buckles under illumination at 70 °C, which leads to delamination and rapid losses of short-circuit current density corresponding to an average $$t_{80}$$ of ~55 h. By judiciously evaluating various hole-transport layers, interlayers, and contacts, we find that replacing the MoO_x with a VO_x interlayer, regardless of the other components in the solar cell, alleviates this buckling issue due to its higher activation barrier toward crystallization, leading to significant gains in PSC operational stability. Unencapsulated devices aged in an ambient atmosphere with a VO_x interlayer retain 71% of their initial PCE on average after constant illumination and bias at 70 °C for 1100 h ($$t_{80}$$ ~ 645 h). Currently, this is the highest temperature reported for the operational stability of unencapsulated n-i-p PSCs aged in air. Identification of a new facet of the complex degradation mechanisms in PSCs will allow for targeted acceleration testing to speed the deployment of low-cost, long-lasting electricity generation under realistic operating temperatures.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0008174; EE0008167; ECCS-1542152

OSTI ID:: 1660219

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1671819

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-75917; MainId:6669; UUID:9c929e68-283e-ea11-9c2f-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:16308

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 7; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 38 works

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