Fast Determination of Lithium Content in Spent Cathodes for Direct Battery Recycling

Li, Xuemin; Dogan, Fulya; Lu, Yingqi; Antunes, Christopher; Shi, Ying; Burrell, Anthony; Ban, Chunmei

doi:10.1002/adsu.202000073

Fast Determination of Lithium Content in Spent Cathodes for Direct Battery Recycling

Journal Article · Mon May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Sustainable Systems

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202000073· OSTI ID:1660076

Li, Xuemin; Dogan, Fulya; Lu, Yingqi; Antunes, Christopher; ; Burrell, Anthony; Ban, Chunmei

Determination of the lithium ion content in cathode materials, which is currently performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), involves tedious procedures and error-prone preparation. This work introduces a new methodology to quickly determine the lithium content in spent cathode materials (LiNix Mny Coz O2, x + y + z = 1, NMC) using a thermalgravimetric analysis, which bypasses the use of ICP-MS and significantly reduces the cost and time required for determining the lithium content. Based on this new method, a new approach is developed to identify spent cathode materials suitable for direct relithiation recycling. Finally, these new methods have been applied to investigate the effectiveness of direct electrochemical-relithiation on recycling the spent cathodes, and provide insights for future development of direct battery materials recycling.

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1660076

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5D00-77327; MainId:26273; UUID:e69bac04-cd40-42a8-bb0e-563ef5bc7401; MainAdminID:14055

Journal Information:: Advanced Sustainable Systems, Journal Name: Advanced Sustainable Systems Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 4

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (33)

Probing Thermally Induced Decomposition of Delithiated Li _{1.2– x} Ni _0.15 Mn _0.55 Co _0.1 O ₂ by in Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Lin, Chi-kai; Piao, Ying; Kan, Yongchun ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/am502689f	journal	July 2014
Oxygen-Release-Related Thermal Stability and Decomposition Pathways of Li _x Ni _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄ Cathode Materials Hu, Enyuan; Bak, Seong-Min; Liu, Jue Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm403400y	journal	December 2013
Evaluating electrolyte additives for lithium-ion cells: A new Figure of Merit approach Tornheim, Adam; Peebles, Cameron; Gilbert, James A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 365 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.093	journal	October 2017
Cathode refunctionalization as a lithium ion battery recycling alternative Ganter, Matthew J.; Landi, Brian J.; Babbitt, Callie W. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 256, p. 274-280 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.078	journal	June 2014
Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in Lithium-ion batteries – A Post-Mortem study Waldmann, Thomas; Wilka, Marcel; Kasper, Michael Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.112	journal	September 2014
In-plane nonuniform temperature effects on the performance of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell Klein, M.; Tong, S.; Park, J. W. Applied Energy, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.090	journal	March 2016
Resolving the Compositional and Structural Defects of Degraded LiNi _x Co _y Mn _z O ₂ Particles to Directly Regenerate High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes Shi, Yang; Chen, Gen; Liu, Fang ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00833	journal	June 2018
Study of Thermal Decomposition of Li _1-x (Ni _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 ) _0.9 O ₂ Using In-Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Chen, Zonghai; Ren, Yang; Lee, Eungje Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201201059	journal	March 2013
Effect of Al ₂ O ₃ Coating on Stabilizing LiNi _0.4 Mn _0.4 Co _0.2 O ₂ Cathodes Wise, Anna M.; Ban, Chunmei; Weker, Johanna Nelson Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02952	journal	August 2015
Suppressed oxygen extraction and degradation of LiNi x Mn y Co z O2 cathodes at high charge cut-off voltages Zheng, Jianming; Yan, Pengfei; Zhang, Jiandong Nano Research, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1761-6	journal	September 2017
Degradation mechanisms of high capacity 18650 cells containing Si-graphite anode and nickel-rich NMC cathode Li, Xuemin; Colclasure, Andrew M.; Finegan, Donal P. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 297 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.194	journal	February 2019
Structural Changes and Thermal Stability of Charged LiNi _x Mn _y Co _z O ₂ Cathode Materials Studied by Combined In Situ Time-Resolved XRD and Mass Spectroscopy Bak, Seong-Min; Hu, Enyuan; Zhou, Yongning ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/am506712c	journal	December 2014
Structural transformation of a lithium-rich Li1.2Co0.1Mn0.55Ni0.15O2 cathode during high voltage cycling resolved by in situ X-ray diffraction Mohanty, Debasish; Kalnaus, Sergiy; Meisner, Roberta A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 229 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.144	journal	May 2013
Identification of the critical synthesis parameters for enhanced cycling stability of Na-ion anode material Na2Ti3O7 Zarrabeitia, Maider; Castillo-Martínez, Elizabeth; López Del Amo, Juan Miguel Acta Materialia, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.11.033	journal	February 2016
LiCoO ₂ : recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis Nie, Hehe; Xu, Long; Song, Dawei Green Chemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4GC01951B	journal	January 2015
Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage Larcher, D.; Tarascon, J-M. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2085	journal	November 2014
Effective regeneration of LiCoO ₂ from spent lithium-ion batteries: a direct approach towards high-performance active particles Shi, Yang; Chen, Gen; Chen, Zheng Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC02831H	journal	January 2018
Irreversible Capacity Loss of Li-Ion Batteries Cycled at Low Temperature Due to an Untypical Layer Hindering Li Diffusion into Graphite Electrode Matadi, Bramy Pilipili; Geniès, Sylvie; Delaille, Arnaud Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0491712jes	journal	January 2017
Microstructural investigation of LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (x ≤ 1) and its aged products via magnetic and diffraction study Mohanty, D.; Gabrisch, H. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.005	journal	December 2012
Evolution of Structure and Lithium Dynamics in LiNi _0.8 Mn _0.1 Co _0.1 O ₂ (NMC811) Cathodes during Electrochemical Cycling Märker, Katharina; Reeves, Philip J.; Xu, Chao Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00140	journal	March 2019
Understanding Lithium Inventory Loss and Sudden Performance Fade in Cylindrical Cells during Cycling with Deep-Discharge Steps Sarasketa-Zabala, E.; Aguesse, F.; Villarreal, I. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp510071d	journal	December 2014
Investigating the Reversibility of Structural Modifications of Li _x Ni _y Mn _z Co _{1– y – z} O ₂ Cathode Materials during Initial Charge/Discharge, at Multiple Length Scales Hwang, Sooyeon; Kim, Seung Min; Bak, Seong-Min Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02457	journal	August 2015
Safety characteristics of Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 and Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Belharouak, Ilias; Lu, Wenquan; Vissers, Donald Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.12.007	journal	February 2006
Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries Georgi-Maschler, T.; Friedrich, B.; Weyhe, R. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.152	journal	June 2012
Spatially resolved surface valence gradient and structural transformation of lithium transition metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries Liu, Hanshuo; Bugnet, Matthieu; Tessaro, Matteo Z. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP05262B	journal	January 2016
Processes and technologies for the recycling and recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries Ordoñez, J.; Gago, E. J.; Girard, A. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.363	journal	July 2016
Innovative Application of Acid Leaching to Regenerate Li(Ni _1/3 Co _1/3 Mn _1/3 )O ₂ Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Bian, Yifan; Xu, Siwenyu ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04373	journal	March 2018
Recycling of lithium-ion batteries: a novel method to separate coating and foil of electrodes Hanisch, Christian; Loellhoeffel, Thomas; Diekmann, Jan Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.026	journal	December 2015
Effect of Prelithiation Process for Hard Carbon Negative Electrode on the Rate and Cycling Behaviors of Lithium-Ion Batteries Abe, Yusuke; Saito, Tomoaki; Kumagai, Seiji Batteries, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040071	journal	December 2018
A future perspective on lithium-ion battery waste flows from electric vehicles Richa, Kirti; Babbitt, Callie W.; Gaustad, Gabrielle Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.11.008	journal	February 2014
Direct regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using a solid phase sintering method Song, X.; Hu, T.; Liang, C. RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA27210J	journal	January 2017
Charge Heterogeneity and Surface Chemistry in Polycrystalline Cathode Materials Tian, Chixia; Xu, Yahong; Nordlund, Dennis Joule, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.12.008	journal	March 2018
Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Chen, Mengyuan; Ma, Xiaotu; Chen, Bin Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.014	journal	November 2019

Similar Records

Fast Determination of Lithium Content in Spent Cathodes for Direct Battery Recycling

Journal Article · Mon May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Sustainable Systems · OSTI ID:1658596

Direct recycling of spent nickel-rich cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts

Journal Article · Mon Dec 25 23:00:00 EST 2023 · Journal of Power Sources · OSTI ID:2278912

Related Subjects

DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
ENERGY STORAGE
cathode recycling
composition analysis
energy storage
layered oxide cathode
lithium-ion battery

Fast Determination of Lithium Content in Spent Cathodes for Direct Battery Recycling

Citation Formats

References (33)

Similar Records

Related Subjects