Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Street, Dayton P.; Mah, Adeline Huizhen; Ledford, William K.; Patterson, Steven; Bergman, James A.; Lokitz, Bradley S.; Pickel, Deanna L.; Messman, Jamie M.; Stein, Gila E.; Kilbey, S. Michael

doi:10.1021/acsapm.9b01195

Title: Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Journal Article · Mon Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2020 · ACS Applied Polymer Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b01195· OSTI ID:1659566

Street, Dayton P. ^[1]; Mah, Adeline Huizhen ^[2]; Ledford, William K. ^[3]; Patterson, Steven ^[4]; Bergman, James A. ^[4];

^[5]; Pickel, Deanna L. ^[6]; Messman, Jamie M. ^[4];

^[7];

^[8]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
Honeywell Federal Manufacturing and Technologies, LLC, Kansas City, MO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Oak Ridge High School, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Decorating nanoparticle surfaces with end-tethered chains provides a way to mediate interfacial interactions in polymer nanocomposites. Here, polymer-grafted nanoparticles are investigated for their impact on the performance of polymer structures created by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The nanoscale organization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted nanoparticles (PMMA-g-NPs) in PMMA matrices is examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS data indicate that all nanocomposites exhibit particle–particle interactions, indicating that nanoparticles are locally clustered. Additionally, increasing the loading level of PMMA-g-NPs produces modest changes in T_g but significant increases in the complex viscosity and storage modulus, suggesting that the number density of entanglements between graft chains and the matrix polymer increases with increasing PMMA-g-NP content. Increasing the number density of entanglements and the formation of localized clusters manifest at the macroscale: Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing show that FFF-printed PMMA-g-NPs/PMMA nanocomposites display a 65% increase in the Young’s modulus, 116% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, and a 120% increase in the storage modulus compared to parts printed with pure (unfilled) PMMA. This research effort highlights how interfacial engineering can be used to enhance interactions on the nanoscale and improve the macroscopic properties of parts printed by FFF.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; NA-0002839; AC02-06CH11357; CBET-1512221; CMMI-1740457

OSTI ID:: 1659566

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 3; ISSN 2637-6105

Publisher:: ACS PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (73)

Polymer-Grafted-Nanoparticles Nanocomposites: Dispersion, Grafted Chain Conformation, and Rheological Behavior Chevigny, Chloé; Dalmas, Florent; Di Cola, Emanuela Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101332s	journal	January 2011
Anisotropic self-assembly of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticles Akcora, Pinar; Liu, Hongjun; Kumar, Sanat K. Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2404	journal	March 2009
Mechanical Properties of Thin Glassy Polymer Films Filled with Spherical Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Maillard, Damien; Kumar, Sanat K.; Fragneaud, Benjamin Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl301792g	journal	July 2012
Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Magnetic Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts Jiao, Yang; Akcora, Pinar Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma3000576	journal	April 2012
“Gel-like” Mechanical Reinforcement in Polymer Nanocomposite Melts Akcora, Pinar; Kumar, Sanat K.; Moll, Joseph Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma902072d	journal	January 2010
Mechanical Reinforcement in Polymer Melts Filled with Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles Moll, Joseph F.; Akcora, Pinar; Rungta, Atri Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma201200m	journal	September 2011
Structure and Entanglement Factors on Dynamics of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Liu, Siqi; Senses, Erkan; Jiao, Yang ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00089	journal	April 2016
Controlling the thermomechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites by tailoring the polymer-particle interface: Thermomechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Bansal, Amitabh; Yang, Hoichang; Li, Chunzhao Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.20926	journal	September 2006
Thermophysical and rheological behavior of polystyrene/silica nanocomposites: Investigation of nanoparticle content Vaziri, Hossein Salehi; Omaraei, Iraj Amiri; Abadyan, Mohamadreza Materials & Design, Vol. 32, Issue 8-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.022	journal	September 2011
Structure–property relationships of irradiation grafted nano-inorganic particle filled polypropylene composites Rong, Min Zhi; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Zheng, Yong Xiang Polymer, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00325-6	journal	January 2001
Effective Interactions, Structure, and Phase Behavior of Lightly Tethered Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts Jayaraman, Arthi; Schweizer, Kenneth S. Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma801722m	journal	December 2008
Self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in thin films Lafitte, Thomas; Kumar, Sanat K.; Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. Soft Matter, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3SM52328D	journal	January 2014
Effective Interactions and Self-Assembly of Hybrid Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles in a Homopolymer Matrix Jayaraman, Arthi; Schweizer, Kenneth S. Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901631x	journal	November 2009
Simultaneous Block Copolymer and Magnetic Nanoparticle Assembly in Nanocomposite Films Xu, Chen; Ohno, Kohji; Ladmiral, Vincent Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8022266	journal	February 2009
Nanocomposites: Structure, Phase Behavior, and Properties Kumar, Sanat K.; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100856	journal	June 2010
Dispersion of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene Mitchell, Cynthia A.; Bahr, Jeffrey L.; Arepalli, Sivaram Macromolecules, Vol. 35, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020890y	journal	November 2002
General Strategies for Nanoparticle Dispersion Mackay, M. E. Science, Vol. 311, Issue 5768 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122225	journal	March 2006
Mean-field theoretical analysis of brush-coated nanoparticle dispersion in polymer matrices Harton, Shane E.; Kumar, Sanat K. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.21346	journal	January 2008
Modeling the anisotropic self-assembly of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticles Pryamtisyn, Victor; Ganesan, Venkat; Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3267729	journal	December 2009
Control of the entropic interactions and phase behavior of athermal nanoparticle/homopolymer thin film mixtures Meli, Luciana; Arceo, Abraham; Green, Peter F. Soft Matter, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/B814714K	journal	January 2009
The structure of chain end-grafted nanoparticle/homopolymer nanocomposites Green, Peter F. Soft Matter, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05076a	journal	January 2011
Mechanical characterization of parts fabricated using fused deposition modeling Bellini, Anna; Güçeri, Selçuk Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540310489631	journal	October 2003
Optimum part deposition orientation in fused deposition modeling Thrimurthulu, K.; Pandey, Pulak M.; Venkata Reddy, N. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 44, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2003.12.004	journal	May 2004
A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling N. Turner, Brian; Strong, Robert; A. Gold, Scott Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-01-2013-0012	journal	April 2014
Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS Ahn, Sung‐Hoon; Montero, Michael; Odell, Dan Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540210441166	journal	October 2002
Optimization of the printing parameters affecting dimensional accuracy and internal cavity for HIPS material used in fused deposition modeling processes Kaveh, Mahdi; Badrossamay, Mohsen; Foroozmehr, Ehsan Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 226 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.07.012	journal	December 2015
The effects of moisture and temperature on the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing components: fused deposition modeling Kim, Eunseob; Shin, Yong-Jun; Ahn, Sung-Hoon Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2015-0095	journal	October 2016
Enhanced Impact Resistance of Three-Dimensional-Printed Parts with Structured Filaments Peng, Fang; Zhao, Zhiyang; Xia, Xuhui ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b00866	journal	April 2018
Effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling Meng, Shuna; He, Hui; Jia, Yunchao Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 134, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44470	journal	October 2016
Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical property anisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing Torrado, Angel R.; Shemelya, Corey M.; English, Joel D. Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2015.02.001	journal	April 2015
Fused deposition modelling with ABS–graphene nanocomposites Dul, Sithiprumnea; Fambri, Luca; Pegoretti, Alessandro Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.013	journal	June 2016
Composites by rapid prototyping technology Kumar, S.; Kruth, J. -P. Materials & Design, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.07.045	journal	February 2010
3D printing of CNT- and graphene-based conductive polymer nanocomposites by fused deposition modeling Gnanasekaran, K.; Heijmans, T.; van Bennekom, S. Applied Materials Today, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2017.04.003	journal	December 2017
A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites Parandoush, Pedram; Lin, Dong Composite Structures, Vol. 182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.088	journal	December 2017
Interfacial interactions in PMMA/silica nanocomposites enhance the performance of parts created by Fused Filament Fabrication Street, Dayton P.; Mah, Adeline Huizhen; Patterson, Steven Polymer, Vol. 157 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.004	journal	November 2018
A Versatile Method To Prepare RAFT Agent Anchored Substrates and the Preparation of PMMA Grafted Nanoparticles Li, Chunzhao; Han, Junwon; Ryu, Chang Y. Macromolecules, Vol. 39, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051983t	journal	May 2006
Effect of Interfacial Energetics on Dispersion and Glass Transition Temperature in Polymer Nanocomposites Natarajan, Bharath; Li, Yang; Deng, Hua Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma302281b	journal	March 2013
Particle size distributions from small-angle scattering using global scattering functions Beaucage, G.; Kammler, H. K.; Pratsinis, S. E. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889804008969	journal	July 2004
Approximations Leading to a Unified Exponential/Power-Law Approach to Small-Angle Scattering Beaucage, G. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895005292	journal	December 1995
Segmental Dynamics in PMMA-Grafted Nanoparticle Composites Akcora, Pinar; Kumar, Sanat K.; García Sakai, Victoria Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101240j	journal	October 2010
Small-Angle Scattering from Polymeric Mass Fractals of Arbitrary Mass-Fractal Dimension Beaucage, G. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895011605	journal	April 1996
Hard-sphere interactions between spherical domains in diblock copolymers Kinning, David J.; Thomas, Edwin L. Macromolecules, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00139a013	journal	September 1984
Wetting–Dewetting and Dispersion–Aggregation Transitions Are Distinct for Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles in Chemically Dissimilar Polymer Matrix Martin, Tyler B.; Mongcopa, Katrina Irene S.; Ashkar, Rana Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b05291	journal	August 2015
Polymer Nanocomposites with Prescribed Morphology: Going beyond Nanoparticle-Filled Polymers Vaia, Richard A.; Maguire, John F. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+	journal	April 2007
Current issues in research on structure–property relationships in polymer nanocomposites Jancar, J.; Douglas, J. F.; Starr, F. W. Polymer, Vol. 51, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.074	journal	July 2010
Mechanical Behavior of Alumina/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites Ash, Benjamin J.; Siegel, Richard W.; Schadler, Linda S. Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0354400	journal	February 2004
Influence of shear flow on the preparation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites Homminga, Douwe; Goderis, Bart; Hoffman, Sven Polymer, Vol. 46, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.059	journal	November 2005
Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites Pötschke, Petra; Fornes, T. D.; Paul, D. R. Polymer, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00151-9	journal	May 2002
The effect of surface chemistry of graphene on rheological and electrical properties of polymethylmethacrylate composites Zhang, Hao-Bin; Zheng, Wen-Ge; Yan, Qing Carbon, Vol. 50, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.052	journal	November 2012
Well-Dispersed Fractal Aggregates as Filler in Polymer−Silica Nanocomposites: Long-Range Effects in Rheology Jouault, Nicolas; Vallat, Perrine; Dalmas, Florent Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma801908u	journal	March 2009
Effects of polydispersity on linear viscoelasticity in entangled polymer melts Wasserman, S. H.; Graessley, W. W. Journal of Rheology, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550363	journal	May 1992
Predicting the linear viscoelastic properties of monodisperse and polydisperse polystyrenes and polyethylenes Pattamaprom, Cattaleeya; Larson, Ronald G. Rheologica Acta, Vol. 40, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003970100196	journal	November 2001
Self-Complementary Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Additives Enhance Thermomechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PMMA Structures Street, Dayton P.; Ledford, William K.; Allison, Abigail A. Macromolecules, Vol. 52, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00546	journal	July 2019
Structure and Dynamics of Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Krishnamoorti, Ramanan; Vaia, Richard A.; Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm960127g	journal	January 1996
Payne effect and shear elasticity of silica-filled polymers in concentrated solutions and in molten state Cassagnau, Philippe Polymer, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00094-6	journal	April 2003
Morphology and rheology of immiscible polymer blends filled with silica nanoparticles Elias, L.; Fenouillot, F.; Majeste, J. C. Polymer, Vol. 48, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.061	journal	September 2007
Nanostructure and Mechanical Properties of Polybutylacrylate Filled with Grafted Silica Particles Inoubli, Rabi; Dagréou, Sylvie; Lapp, Alain Langmuir, Vol. 22, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/la0607003	journal	July 2006
Quantitative equivalence between polymer nanocomposites and thin polymer films Bansal, Amitabh; Yang, Hoichang; Li, Chunzhao Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1447	journal	August 2005
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)/reduced graphite oxide nanocomposites with improved thermal and electrical properties Salavagione, Horacio Javier; Martínez, Gerardo; Gómez, Marián A. Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1039/b904232f	journal	January 2009
Model polymer nanocomposites provide an understanding of confinement effects in real nanocomposites Rittigstein, Perla; Priestley, Rodney D.; Broadbelt, Linda J. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1870	journal	March 2007
Graphitic nanofillers in PMMA nanocomposites—An investigation of particle size and dispersion and their influence on nanocomposite properties Ramanathan, T.; Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.21187	journal	January 2007
Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) based nanocomposites reinforced by surface-grafted cellulose nanowhiskers via extrusion processing: Morphology, rheology, and thermo-mechanical properties Goffin, A. -L.; Raquez, J. -M.; Duquesne, E. Polymer, Vol. 52, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.004	journal	March 2011
Effect of flexibility of grafted polymer on the morphology and property of nanosilica/PVC composites Zhu, Aiping; Cai, Aiyun; Zhou, Weidong Applied Surface Science, Vol. 254, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.11.042	journal	April 2008
Microstructure, crystallization and dynamic mechanical behaviour of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites containing poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes Wang, Mian; Shi, Jia-Hua; Pramoda, K. P. Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/23/235701	journal	May 2007
Reinforcement mechanisms in MWCNT-filled polycarbonate Eitan, A.; Fisher, F. T.; Andrews, R. Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 66, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.10.004	journal	July 2006
Polypropylene-grafted nanoparticles as a promising strategy for boosting physical properties of polypropylene-based nanocomposites Taniike, Toshiaki; Toyonaga, Masahito; Terano, Minoru Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.016	journal	February 2014
Simple theory of stress-strain properties of filled polymers Nielsen, Lawrence E. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100107	journal	January 1966
Property improvements of in situ epoxy nanocomposites with reduced interparticle distance at high nanosilica content Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Zhong; Friedrich, Klaus Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.12.009	journal	April 2006
Effect of Surface Treated Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on Some Mechanical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Zayed, Sara M.; Alshimy, Ahmad M.; Fahmy, Amal E. International Journal of Biomaterials, Vol. 2014 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/750398	journal	January 2014
Tensile performance improvement of low nanoparticles filled-polypropylene composites Wu, Chun Lei; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Rong, Min Zhi Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 62, Issue 10-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00079-9	journal	August 2002
Mechanical properties of Al2O3/polymethylmethacrylate nanocomposites Ash, Benjamin J.; Rogers, Diana F.; Wiegand, Christopher J. Polymer Composites, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10497	journal	December 2002
A Study of the Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Nano- and Micron-Tio ₂ Filled Epoxy Composites Ng, C. B.; Ash, B. J.; Schadler, L. S. Advanced Composites Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1177/096369350101000301	journal	May 2001
Preparation and performance of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)/nano-TiO2 nanocomposites Zhang, Jinzhu; Wang, Xin; Lu, Lude Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 87, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11302	journal	November 2002

Similar Records

Impact of hydrogen bonding pendant groups in polymer grafted nanoparticles on interlayer adhesion and mechanical properties in material extrusion printing

Journal Article · Fri Jan 20 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Additive Manufacturing · OSTI ID:1659566

Ledford, William K.; Kilbey, S. Michael

Role of tunable polymer flexibility in controlling wetting behavior and thermal properties of poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene)-silica nanocomposites

Journal Article · Fri Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2021 · SPE Polymers · OSTI ID:1659566

Bornani, Kamlesh; Shah, Priyank; Barkakaty, Balaka; +4 more

Synthesis of highly dispersed, block copolymer‐grafted TiO ₂ nanoparticles within neat block copolymer films

Journal Article · Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry · OSTI ID:1659566

Hailu, Shimelis T.; Samant, Saumil; Grabowski, Christopher; +3 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
3D printing
nanocomposites
nanoparticles
organic compounds
polymers
polymer grafting
polymer nanocomposite
small-angle X-ray scattering
thermomechanical properties
x-ray scattering

Title: Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Citation Formats

References (73)

Similar Records

Related Subjects