Searching for low mass dark matter via phonon creation in superfluid He 4

Baym, Gordon; Beck, D. H.; Filippini, Jeffrey P.; Pethick, C. J.; Shelton, Jessie

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.035014

Title: Searching for low mass dark matter via phonon creation in superfluid ${}^{4}{He}$

Journal Article · Tue Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.035014· OSTI ID:1647121

;

We consider the scattering of dark matter particles from superfluid liquid ⁴He, which has been proposed as a target for their direct detection. Focusing on dark matter masses below ~ 1 MeV , we demonstrate from sum-rule arguments the importance of the production of single phonons with energies ω ≲ 1 meV. We show further that the anomalous dispersion of phonons in liquid ⁴He at low pressures [i.e., $d^2ω(q)/dq^2 > 0$, where $$\textit{q}$$ and $$\textit{ω(q)}$$ are the phonon momentum and energy] has the important consequence that a single phonon will decay over a relatively short distance into a shower of lower-energy phonons centered on the direction of the original phonon. Thus, the experimental challenge in this regime is to detect a shower of low-energy phonons, not just a single phonon. Additional information from the distribution of phonons in such a shower could enhance the determination of the dark matter mass.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0017840; PHY1714042; PHY18-22502; PHY1607611

OSTI ID:: 1647121

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1803164

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Vol. 102 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 10 works

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Title: Searching for low mass dark matter via phonon creation in superfluid ${}^{4}{He}$