Gravity in the era of equality: Towards solutions to the Hubble problem without fine-tuned initial conditions

Zumalacárregui, Miguel

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.023523

Title: Gravity in the era of equality: Towards solutions to the Hubble problem without fine-tuned initial conditions

Journal Article · Tue Jul 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.023523· OSTI ID:1638425

Discrepant measurements of the Universe’s expansion rate (H₀) may signal physics beyond the standard cosmological model. Here I describe two early modified gravity mechanisms that reconcile H₀ value by increasing the expansion rate in the era of matter-radiation equality. These mechanisms, based on viable Horndeski theories, require significantly less fine-tuned initial conditions than early dark energy with oscillating scalar fields. In imperfect dark energy at equality (IDEE), the initial energy density dilutes slower than radiation but faster than matter, naturally peaking around the era of equality. The minimal IDEE model, a cubic Galileon, is too constrained by the cosmic microwave background (Planck) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) to relieve the H₀ tension. In enhanced early gravity (EEG), the scalar field value modulates the cosmological strength of gravity. The minimal EEG model, an exponentially coupled cubic Galileon, gives a Planck+BAO value H₀=68.7±1.5 (68% CL), reducing the tension with SH0ES from 4.4σ to 2.6σ. Additionally, Galileon contributions to cosmic acceleration may reconcile H₀ via late-universe phantom expansion (LUPE). Combining LUPE, EEG and Λ reduces the tension between Planck, BAO, and SH0ES to 2.5σ. I will also describe additional tests of coupled Galileons based on local gravity tests, primordial element abundances and gravitational waves. While further model building is required to fully resolve the H₀ problem and satisfy all available observations, these examples show the wealth of possibilities to solve cosmological tensions beyond Einstein’s general relativity.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1638425

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1737627

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Vol. 102 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 71 works

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Improvement of cosmological neutrino mass bounds Giusarma, Elena; Gerbino, Martina; Mena, Olga Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.083522	journal	October 2016
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Catastrophic Consequences of Kicking the Chameleon Erickcek, Adrienne L.; Barnaby, Neil; Burrage, Clare Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.171101	journal	April 2013
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