The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints

Brout, Dillon; Scolnic, Dan; Popovic, Brodie; Riess, Adam G.; Carr, Anthony; Zuntz, Joe; Kessler, Rick; Davis, Tamara M.; Hinton, Samuel; Jones, David; Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy; Peterson, Erik R.; Said, Khaled; Taylor, Georgie; Ali, Noor; Armstrong, Patrick; Charvu, Pranav; Dwomoh, Arianna; Meldorf, Cole; Palmese, Antonella; Qu, Helen; Rose, Benjamin M.; Sanchez, Bruno; Stubbs, Christopher W.; Vincenzi, Maria; Wood, Charlotte M.; Brown, Peter J.; Chen, Rebecca; Chambers, Ken; Coulter, David A.; Dai, Mi; Dimitriadis, Georgios; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Foley, Ryan J.; Jha, Saurabh W.; Kelsey, Lisa; Kirshner, Robert P.; Möller, Anais; Muir, Jessie; Nadathur, Seshadri; Pan, Yen-Chen; Rest, Armin; Rojas-Bravo, Cesar; Sako, Masao; Siebert, Matthew R.; Smith, Mat; Stahl, Benjamin E.; Wiseman, Phil

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04

Title: The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints

Journal Article · Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8e04· OSTI ID:1902943

^[1]; Scolnic, Dan ^[2];

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^[4]; Zuntz, Joe ^[5];

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^[4]; Taylor, Georgie ^[9]; Ali, Noor ^[10];

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Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
Univ. of Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Ume Univ. (Sweden)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy, College Station, TX (United States)
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
Univ. of Dublin (Ireland)
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom)
Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA (United States); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Swinburne Univ. of Technology, Victoria (Australia); Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand (France)
Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Univ. College London (United Kingdom)
National Central Univ., Jhongli (Taiwan)
Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. de Lyon, Villeurbanne (France)
Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom)

We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z = 0.001 to 2.26. This work features an increased sample size from the addition of multiple cross-calibrated photometric systems of SNe covering an increased redshift span, and improved treatments of systematic uncertainties in comparison to the original Pantheon analysis, which together result in a factor of 2 improvement in cosmological constraining power. For a flat ΛCDM model, we find Ω_M = 0.334 ± 0.018 from SNe Ia alone. For a flat w₀CDM model, we measure w₀ = –0.90 ± 0.14 from SNe Ia alone, H₀ = 73.5 ± 1.1 km s^–1 Mpc^–1 when including the Cepheid host distances and covariance (SH0ES), and w₀ = $$-{0.978}_{-0.031}^{+0.024}$$ when combining the SN likelihood with Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO); both w₀ values are consistent with a cosmological constant. We also present the most precise measurements to date on the evolution of dark energy in a flat w₀w_aCDM universe, and measure w_a = $$-{0.1}_{-2.0}^{+0.9}$$ from Pantheon+ SNe Ia alone, H₀ = 73.3 ± 1.1 km s^–1 Mpc^–1 when including SH0ES Cepheid distances, and w_a = $$-{0.65}_{-0.32}^{+0.28}$$ when combining Pantheon+ SNe Ia with CMB and BAO data. Finally, we find that systematic uncertainties in the use of SNe Ia along the distance ladder comprise less than one-third of the total uncertainty in the measurement of H₀ and cannot explain the present "Hubble tension" between local measurements and early universe predictions from the cosmological model.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009924

OSTI ID:: 1902943

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 2; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Evidence of environmental dependencies of Type Ia supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory indicated by local H α Rigault, M.; Copin, Y.; Aldering, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 560 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322104	journal	December 2013
The reddening law of type Ia supernovae: separating intrinsic variability from dust using equivalent widths Chotard, N.; Gangler, E.; Aldering, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 529 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116723	journal	April 2011
The Completed SDSS-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations with Ly α Forests du Mas des Bourboux, Hélion; Rich, James; Font-Ribera, Andreu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb085	journal	October 2020
SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv: Two Sibling Type Ia Supernovae in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 5643 Burns, Christopher R.; Ashall, Chris; Contreras, Carlos The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 895, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8e3e	journal	June 2020
The Difference Imaging Pipeline for the Transient Search in the dark Energy Survey Kessler, R.; Marriner, J.; Childress, M. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 150, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/172	journal	November 2015
The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints Guy, J.; Sullivan, M.; Conley, A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 523 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014468	journal	November 2010
UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Challis, Peter The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/497989	journal	January 2006
The DES view of the Eridanus supervoid and the CMB cold spot Kovács, A.; Jeffrey, N.; Gatti, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3309	journal	December 2021
The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the luminous red galaxy sample from the anisotropic correlation function between redshifts 0.6 and 1 Bautista, Julian E.; Paviot, Romain; Magaña, Mariana Vargas Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2800	journal	September 2020
The non-Gaussian cold spot in Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe: significance, morphology and foreground contribution Cruz, M.; Tucci, M.; Martínez-González, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 369, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10312.x	journal	May 2006
CfA4: LIGHT CURVES FOR 94 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 200, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/200/2/12	journal	May 2012
The Pantheon+ Analysis: Evaluating Peculiar Velocity Corrections in Cosmological Analyses with Nearby Type Ia Supernovae Peterson, Erik R.; Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy; Scolnic, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4698	journal	October 2022
Type Ia Supernova Distances at Redshift >1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate Riess, Adam G.; Rodney, Steven A.; Scolnic, Daniel M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa5a9	journal	January 2018
THE EFFECT OF HOST GALAXIES ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew; Nichol, Robert C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 722, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/566	journal	September 2010
The dependence of Type Ia Supernovae luminosities on their host galaxies: SN Ia host galaxies Sullivan, M.; Conley, A.; Howell, D. A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16731.x	journal	May 2010
ChainConsumer Hinton, Samuel The Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00045	journal	August 2016
Unity: Confronting Supernova Cosmology’S Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in a Unified Bayesian Framework Rubin, D.; Aldering, G.; Barbary, K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 813, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/813/2/137	journal	November 2015
SNIa Cosmology Analysis Results from Simulated LSST Images: From Difference Imaging to Constraints on Dark Energy Sánchez, B. O.; Kessler, R.; Scolnic, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 934, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7a37	journal	July 2022
Measuring Dark Energy Properties with Photometrically Classified Pan-STARRS Supernovae. II. Cosmological Parameters Jones, D. O.; Scolnic, D. M.; Riess, A. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab6b1	journal	April 2018
A hint of matter underdensity at low z ? Colgáin, Eoin Ó Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/09/006	journal	September 2019
Detection of a supervoid aligned with the cold spot of the cosmic microwave background Szapudi, István; Kovács, András; Granett, Benjamin R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv488	journal	April 2015
CosmoSIS: Modular cosmological parameter estimation Zuntz, J.; Paterno, M.; Jennings, E. Astronomy and Computing, Vol. 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2015.05.005	journal	September 2015
SUPERCAL: CROSS-CALIBRATION OF MULTIPLE PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE COSMOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS WITH TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE Scolnic, D.; Casertano, S.; Riess, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 815, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/117	journal	December 2015
High‐Redshift Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field Gilliland, Ronald L.; Nugent, Peter E.; Phillips, M. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 521, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/307549	journal	August 1999
NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTIES OF A LARGE SAMPLE OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AS OBSERVED WITH THE Swift UVOT Milne, Peter A.; Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 721, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1627	journal	September 2010
Precise astronomical flux calibration and its impact on studying the nature of the dark energy Stubbs, Christopher W.; Brown, Yorke J. Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 30, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1142/S021773231530030X	journal	December 2015
Simulations of the WFIRST Supernova Survey and Forecasts of Cosmological Constraints Hounsell, R.; Scolnic, D.; Foley, R. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac08b	journal	October 2018
SOUSA: the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive Brown, Peter J.; Breeveld, Alice A.; Holland, Stephen Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 354, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-2059-8	journal	July 2014
Detection of Non‐Gaussianity in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe First‐Year Data Using Spherical Wavelets Vielva, P.; Martinez‐Gonzalez, E.; Barreiro, R. B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 609, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/421007	journal	July 2004
A Model-independent Test of Cosmic Isotropy with Low- z Pantheon Supernovae Andrade, Uendert; Bengaly, Carlos A. P.; Santos, Beethoven The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadb90	journal	September 2018
Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples Betoule, M.; Kessler, R.; Guy, J. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 568 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423413	journal	August 2014
Steve: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Supernova Cosmology Hinton, S. R.; Davis, T. M.; Kim, A. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab13a3	journal	April 2019
Improved Treatment of Host-galaxy Correlations in Cosmological Analyses with Type Ia Supernovae Popovic, Brodie; Brout, Dillon; Kessler, Richard The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 913, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf14f	journal	May 2021

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