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Lignin Monomers from beyond the Canonical Monolignol Biosynthetic Pathway: Another Brick in the Wall

Journal Article · · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4]
  1. Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla (IRNAS), Seville (Spain); Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS-CSIC), Spain
  2. Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla (IRNAS), Seville (Spain)
  3. USDA, Auburn, AL (United States)
  4. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
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Lignin is conventionally defined as being formed by the oxidative polymerization of three main monolignols, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, that are derived from the general phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Many other phenolic compounds that are also derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway are also known to perform as genuine lignin monomers in many plants, as is the case of the monolignol ester conjugates, phenolic compounds arising from the truncated biosynthesis of monolignols, or ferulate esters. Recent investigations, however, have indicated that phenolic compounds arising from beyond the canonical phenylpropanoid pathway, namely flavonoids, hydroxystilbenes, and hydroxycinnamic amides, may also behave as authentic lignin monomers and are incorporated into the lignin in some plants, further challenging the traditional definition of lignin. This is the case of the flavone tricin that is incorporated into the lignin of grasses and other monocots, the hydroxystilbene piceatannol (together with resveratrol and isorhapontigenin, at lower levels) that has been found in the lignins of palm fruit shells, their respective O-glucosides (astringin, piceid, and isorhapontin) that are present in the lignin of Norway spruce bark, or the ferulic amides feruloyltyramine, incorporated into the lignin of tobacco and potato tubers, and diferuloylputrescine, which appears to be incorporated into maize kernel lignin. These valuable compounds are potentially available in high amounts and at low cost and may be obtained from the waste products from the processing of agricultural or forest biomass.
Research Organization:
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0018409
OSTI ID:
1637462
Journal Information:
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Name: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 8; ISSN 2168-0485
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Figures / Tables (6)

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Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
diferuloylputrescine
feruloyltyramine
isorhapontin
piceatannol
tricin