Unconventional lignin monomers—Extension of the lignin paradigm

del Río, José C.; Rencoret, Jorge; Gutiérrez, Ana; Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John

doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2022.02.001

Unconventional lignin monomers—Extension of the lignin paradigm

Journal Article · Tue Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advances in Botanical Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.abr.2022.02.001· OSTI ID:1863567

del Río, José C. ^[1]; Rencoret, Jorge ^[2]; Gutiérrez, Ana ^[2]; Kim, Hoon ^[3]; Ralph, John ^[3]

Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Seville (Spain); Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Seville (Spain)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Lignin is largely produced by the oxidative radical coupling of the three monolignols, pcoumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols, which form the p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl lignin units in the lignin polymer. However, it is increasingly appreciated that other “unconventional” phenolic compounds can also behave as lignin monomers participating in oxidative radical reactions during the lignification process and being also integrated into the lignin polymer in some plants. Various phenolic compounds have been found incorporated into the lignin, including phenolic compounds derived from the monolignol biosynthetic pathway (e.g., monolignol ester conjugates, caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols, hydroxycinnamaldehydes, among others). More fascinating still was the discovery in some plants of a series of phenolic compounds arising from other polyphenolic biosynthetic pathways, including flavonoids (tricin, dihydrotricin, naringenin, naringenin chalcone), hydroxystilbenes (resveratrol, piceatannol, and isorhapontigenin, and their O-glucosylated counterparts piceid, astringin, and isorhapontin), and ferulic acid amides (feruloyltyramine, and diferuloylputrescine), that are integrated into the lignin polymer. All of these discoveries indicate that the lignin structure is far more complex than previously thought, that the definition of lignin should not be restricted to a polymer derived solely from the three traditional monolignols, and that other unconventional lignin monomers must be considered, thus expanding the established definition of lignin. Here, the overriding factor remains, however, that lignification, the process of polymerization to the lignin polymer, allows this compositional flexibility because it is a simple chemical process.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science and Technology (ST)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1863567

Journal Information:: Advances in Botanical Research, Journal Name: Advances in Botanical Research Vol. 104; ISSN 0065-2296

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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