Features of Microglia and Neuroinflammation Relevant to Environmental Exposure and Neurotoxicity

Kraft, Andrew D.; Harry, G. Jean

doi:10.3390/ijerph8072980

Features of Microglia and Neuroinflammation Relevant to Environmental Exposure and Neurotoxicity

Journal Article · Wed Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8072980· OSTI ID:1628353

Kraft, Andrew D. ^[1]; Harry, G. Jean ^[2]

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Arlington, VA (United States); DOE/OSTI
National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)

Microglia are resident cells of the brain involved in regulatory processes critical for development, maintenance of the neural environment, injury and repair. They belong to the monocytic-macrophage lineage and serve as brain immune cells to orchestrate innate immune responses; however, they are distinct from other tissue macrophages due to their relatively quiescent phenotype and tight regulation by the CNS microenvironment. Microglia actively survey the surrounding parenchyma and respond rapidly to changes such that any disruption to neural architecture or function can contribute to the loss in regulation of the microglia phenotype. In many models of neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity, early events of synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss are accompanied by an inflammatory response including activation of microglia, perivascular monocytes, and recruitment of leukocytes. In culture, microglia have been shown to be capable of releasing several potentially cytotoxic substances, such as reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide, proteases, arachidonic acid derivatives, excitatory amino acids, and cytokines; however, they also produce various neurotrophic factors and quench damage from free radicals and excitotoxins. As the primary source for pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia are implicated as pivotal mediators of neuroinflammation and can induce or modulate a broad spectrum of cellular responses. Neuroinflammation should be considered as a balanced network of processes whereby subtle modifications can shift the cells toward disparate outcomes. For any evaluation of neuroinflammation and microglial responses, within the framework of neurotoxicity or degeneration, one key question in determining the consequence of neuroinflammation is whether the response is an initiating event or the consequence of tissue damage. As examples of environmental exposure-related neuroinflammation in the literature, we provide an evaluation of data on manganese and diesel exhaust particles.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 1628353

Journal Information:: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Name: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 8; ISSN IJERGQ; ISSN 1660-4601

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Fluoride Induces Neuroinflammation and Alters Wnt Signaling Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells Chen, Rui; Zhao, Lian-Dong; Liu, Hong Inflammation, Vol. 40, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0556-y	journal	April 2017
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Induces Microglial Death by NADPH-Oxidase-Independent Reactive Oxygen Species as well as Energy Depletion Sharma, Anuj Kumar; Singh, Vikas; Gera, Ruchi Molecular Neurobiology, Vol. 54, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0133-7	journal	October 2016
Non-toxic engineered carbon nanodiamond concentrations induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, imbalance of energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial and alveolar basal epithelial cells Fresta, Claudia G.; Chakraborty, Aishik; Wijesinghe, Manjula B. Cell Death & Disease, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0280-z	journal	February 2018
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Folic acid deficiency enhanced microglial immune response via the Notch1/nuclear factor kappa B p65 pathway in hippocampus following rat brain I/R injury and BV2 cells Cheng, Man; Yang, Liu; Dong, Zhiping Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14368	journal	May 2019
Aqueous Extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Leaves Effectively Alleviated Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Impediments in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Mouse Model Park, Shin-Young; Karthivashan, Govindarajan; Ko, Hyun Myung Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3175214	journal	January 2018
Sulforaphane-Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mouse Brain through Its Antioxidant Ability via Nrf2-HO-1 Activation Subedi, Lalita; Cho, KyoHee; Park, Yong Un Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3549274	journal	March 2019
The Ameliorative Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Salicornia europaea L. and Its Bioactive Candidate, Irilin B, on LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation and MPTP-Intoxicated PD-Like Mouse Model Kim, Joonsoo; Karthivashan, Govindarajan; Kweon, Mee-Hyang Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6764756	journal	July 2019
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Oxidative Stress and Microglial Cells in Parkinson's Disease M., Flood, Patrick; J., Peterson, Lynda The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/ppx1-kd54	text	January 2012
Carnosine prevents Aβ-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in microglial cells: a key role of TGF-β1 Caruso, Giuseppe; Fresta, Claudia G.; Musso, Nicolò Health Research Alliance https://doi.org/10.25376/hra.7813451	text	January 2019
Carnosine prevents Aβ-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in microglial cells: a key role of TGF-β1 Caruso, Giuseppe; Fresta, Claudia G.; Musso, Nicolò Health Research Alliance https://doi.org/10.25376/hra.7813451.v1	text	January 2019
Non-toxic engineered carbon nanodiamond concentrations induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, imbalance of energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial and alveolar basal epithelial cells Fresta, Claudia G.; Chakraborty, Aishik; Wijesinghe, Manjula B. Health Research Alliance https://doi.org/10.25376/hra.7813538	text	January 2019
Investigation into experimental toxicological properties of plant protection products having a potential link to Parkinson's disease and childhood leukaemia† Ockleford, Colin; Adriaanse, Paulien; Berny, Philippe EFSA Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4691	journal	March 2017
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Effects of simvastatin on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of Parkinson disease Tan, Wang; Xue-bin, Cao; Tian, Zhang International Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 126, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2015.1012758	journal	May 2015

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
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Features of Microglia and Neuroinflammation Relevant to Environmental Exposure and Neurotoxicity

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