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Title: The Cell Cycle Timing of Centromeric Chromatin Assembly in Drosophila Meiosis Is Distinct from Mitosis Yet Requires CAL1 and CENP-C

Journal Article · · PLoS Biology (Online)
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [1]
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

CENP-A (CID in flies) is the histone H3 variant essential for centromere specification, kinetochore formation, and chromosome segregation during cell division. Recent studies have elucidated major cell cycle mechanisms and factors critical for CENP-A incorporation in mitosis, predominantly in cultured cells. However, we do not understand the roles, regulation, and cell cycle timing of CENP-A assembly in somatic tissues in multicellular organisms and in meiosis, the specialized cell division cycle that gives rise to haploid gametes. Here we investigate the timing and requirements for CID assembly in mitotic tissues and male and female meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster, using fixed and live imaging combined with genetic approaches. We find that CID assembly initiates at late telophase and continues during G1 phase in somatic tissues in the organism, later than the metaphase assembly observed in cultured cells. Furthermore, CID assembly occurs at two distinct cell cycle phases during male meiosis: prophase of meiosis I and after exit from meiosis II, in spermatids. CID assembly in prophase I is also conserved in female meiosis. Interestingly, we observe a novel decrease in CID levels after the end of meiosis I and before meiosis II, which correlates temporally with changes in kinetochore organization and orientation. We also demonstrate that CID is retained on mature sperm despite the gross chromatin remodeling that occurs during protamine exchange. Finally, we show that the centromere proteins CAL1 and CENP-C are both required for CID assembly in meiosis and normal progression through spermatogenesis. We conclude that the cell cycle timing of CID assembly in meiosis is different from mitosis and that the efficient propagation of CID through meiotic divisions and on sperm is likely to be important for centromere specification in the developing zygote.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institutes of Health (NIH); Human Frontier Science Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; GM066272
OSTI ID:
1627168
Journal Information:
PLoS Biology (Online), Vol. 10, Issue 12; ISSN 1545-7885
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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The checkpoint protein Zw10 connects CAL1-dependent CENP-A centromeric loading and mitosis duration in Drosophila cells journal September 2019
The Drosophila chromosomal protein Mst77F is processed to generate an essential component of mature sperm chromatin journal November 2016
Spt6 is a maintenance factor for centromeric CENP-A journal June 2020
Spt6 is a maintenance factor for centromeric CENP-A journal January 2019
Orc4 spatiotemporally stabilizes centromeric chromatin journal January 2021
The molecular basis for centromere identity and function journal November 2015
Centromeric CENP-A loading requires accurate mitotic timing, which is linked to checkpoint proteins posted_content January 2019
Gametic specialization of centromeric histone paralogs in Drosophila virilis journal January 2019
Epigenetic inheritance of centromere identity in a heterologous system posted_content January 2019
Orc4 spatiotemporally stabilizes centromeric chromatin journal January 2019
Centromere transcription allows CENP-A to transit from chromatin association to stable incorporation journal April 2018
The E3 Ligase CUL3/RDX Controls Centromere Maintenance by Ubiquitylating and Stabilizing CENP-A in a CAL1-Dependent Manner journal March 2014