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The Marine Viromes of Four Oceanic Regions

Journal Article · · PLoS Biology (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [3];  [7];  [3];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [7]
  1. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Computational Science Research Center; DOE/OSTI
  2. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Computational Science Research Center; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mathematics
  3. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology
  4. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Computational Science Research Center; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Center for Microbial Sciences; Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL (United States)
  5. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Earth and Ocean Sciences
  7. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Center for Microbial Sciences
  8. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  9. Bermuda Biological Station for Research, St. George’s (Bermuda)
  10. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Computational Science Research Center
  11. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Earth and Ocean Sciences; Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology; Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Botany
Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. There has not been a global survey of these viruses, and consequently, it is not known what types of viruses are in Earth’s oceans or how they are distributed. Metagenomic analyses of 184 viral assemblages collected over a decade and representing 68 sites in four major oceanic regions showed that most of the viral sequences were not similar to those in the current databases. There was a distinct ‘‘marine-ness’’ quality to the viral assemblages. Global diversity was very high, presumably several hundred thousand of species, and regional richness varied on a North-South latitudinal gradient. The marine regions had different assemblages of viruses. Cyanophages and a newly discovered clade of single-stranded DNA phages dominated the Sargasso Sea sample, whereas prophage-like sequences were most common in the Arctic. However most viral species were found to be widespread. With a majority of shared species between oceanic regions, most of the differences between viral assemblages seemed to be explained by variation in the occurrence of the most common viral species and not by exclusion of different viral genomes. These results support the idea that viruses are widely dispersed and that local environmental conditions enrich for certain viral types through selective pressure.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1627149
Journal Information:
PLoS Biology (Online), Journal Name: PLoS Biology (Online) Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 4; ISSN 1545-7885
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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