Uncovering Earth’s virome

Paez-Espino, David; Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A.; Pavlopoulos, Georgios A.; Thomas, Alex D.; Huntemann, Marcel; Mikhailova, Natalia; Rubin, Edward; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.

doi:10.1038/nature19094

Uncovering Earth’s virome

Journal Article · Wed Aug 17 04:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19094· OSTI ID:1379567

Paez-Espino, David ^[1]; Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. ^[1]; Pavlopoulos, Georgios A. ^[1]; Thomas, Alex D. ^[1]; Huntemann, Marcel ^[1]; Mikhailova, Natalia ^[1]; Rubin, Edward ^[2]; Ivanova, Natalia N. ^[1]; Kyrpides, Nikos C. ^[1]

USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Metabiota Inc., San Francisco, CA (United States)

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, but challenges in detecting, isolating, and classifying unknown viruses have prevented exhaustive surveys of the global virome. Here in this work, we analysed over 5 Tb of metagenomic sequence data from 3,042 geographically diverse samples to assess the global distribution, phylogenetic diversity, and host specificity of viruses. We discovered over 125,000 partial DNA viral genomes, including the largest phage yet identified, and increased the number of known viral genes by 16-fold. Half of the predicted partial viral genomes were clustered into genetically distinct groups, most of which included genes unrelated to those in known viruses. Using CRISPR spacers and transfer RNA matches to link viral groups to microbial host(s), we doubled the number of microbial phyla known to be infected by viruses, and identified viruses that can infect organisms from different phyla. Analysis of viral distribution across diverse ecosystems revealed strong habitat-type specificity for the vast majority of viruses, but also identified some cosmopolitan groups. In conclusion, our results highlight an extensive global viral diversity and provide detailed insight into viral habitat distribution and host-virus interactions.

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1379567

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7617 Vol. 536; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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