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Timing and source of subtype-C HIV-1 superinfection in the newly infected partner of Zambian couples with disparate viruses

Journal Article · · Retrovirology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [6];  [5];  [2]
  1. Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center; DOE/OSTI
  2. Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, ZEHRP, Lusaka (Zambia)
  5. Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Rollins School of Public Health. Dept. of Global Health
  6. Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, ZEHRP, Lusaka (Zambia); Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Rollins School of Public Health. Dept. of Global Health; Projet San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, RZHRG, Kigali (Rwanda)
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Background: HIV-1 superinfection occurs at varying frequencies in different at risk populations. Though seroincidence is decreased, in the negative partner of HIV-discordant couples after joint testing and counseling in the Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP) cohort, the annual infection rate remains relatively high at 7-8%. Based on sequencing within the gp41 region of each partner’s virus, 24% of new infections between 2004 and 2008 were the result of transmission from a non-spousal partner. Since these seroconvertors and their spouses have disparate epidemiologically-unlinked viruses, there is a risk of superinfection within the marriage. We have, therefore, investigated the incidence and viral origin of superinfection in these couples. Results: Superinfection was detected by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA), degenerate base counting of the gp41 sequence, or by phylogenetic analysis of the longitudinal sequences. It was confirmed by full-length env single genome amplification and phylogenetic analysis. In 22 couples (44 individuals), followed for up to five years, three of the newly infected (initially HIV uninfected) partners became superinfected. In each case superinfection occurred during the first 12 months following initial infection of the negative partner, and in each case the superinfecting virus was derived from a non-spousal partner. In addition, one probable case of intra-couple HIV-1 superinfection was observed in a chronically infected partner at the time of his seroconverting spouse’s initial viremia. Extensive recombination within the env gene was observed following superinfection. Conclusions: In this subtype-C discordant couple cohort, superinfection, during the first year after HIV-1 infection of the previously negative partner, occurred at a rate similar to primary infection (13.6% [95% CI 5.2-34.8] vs 7.8% [7.1-8.6]). While limited intra-couple superinfection may in part reflect continued condom usage within couples, this and our lack of detecting newly superinfected individuals after one year of primary infection raise the possibility that immunological resistance to intra-subtype superinfection may develop over time in subtype C infected individuals.
Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1626609
Journal Information:
Retrovirology, Journal Name: Retrovirology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 1742-4690
Publisher:
BioMed CentralCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/f6s9-vz03
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Cited By (3)

The Transmission and Evolution of HIV-1 Quasispecies within One Couple: a Follow-up Study based on Next-Generation Sequencing journal January 2018
HIV-1 Superinfection Occurs Less Frequently Than Initial Infection in a Cohort of High-Risk Kenyan Women journal August 2013
Variable Effect of HIV Superinfection on Clinical Status: Insights From Mathematical Modeling journal July 2018

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