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Title: The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina tobin contain unique repeat structures and gene profiles

Journal Article · · BMC Genomics
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [5];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Genome Sciences
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Bioscience Division
  3. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Biology
  4. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Statistics
  5. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Genome Sciences; Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Pathology

Background: Haptophytes are widely and abundantly distributed in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Few genomic analyses of representatives within this taxon have been reported, despite their early evolutionary origins and their prominent role in global carbon fixation. Results: The complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genome sequences of the haptophyte Chrysochromulina tobin (Prymnesiales) provide insight into the architecture and gene content of haptophyte organellar genomes. The mitochondrial genome (~34 kb) encodes 21 protein coding genes and contains a complex, 9 kb tandem repeat region. Similar to other haptophytes and rhodophytes, but not cryptophytes or stramenopiles, the mitochondrial genome has lost the nad7, nad9 and nad11 genes. The ~105 kb chloroplast genome encodes 112 protein coding genes, including ycf39 which has strong structural homology to NADP-binding nitrate transcriptional regulators; a divergent ‘CheY-like’ two-component response regulator (ycf55) and Tic/Toc (ycf60 and ycf80) membrane transporters. Notably, a zinc finger domain has been identified in the rpl36 ribosomal protein gene of all chloroplasts sequenced to date with the exception of haptophytes and cryptophytes - algae that have gained (via lateral gene transfer) an alternative rpl36 lacking the zinc finger motif. The two C. tobin chloroplast ribosomal RNA operon spacer regions differ in tRNA content. Additionally, each ribosomal operon contains multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - a pattern observed in rhodophytes and cryptophytes, but few stramenopiles. Analysis of small (<200 bp) chloroplast encoded tandem and inverted repeats in C. tobin and 78 other algal chloroplast genomes show that repeat type, size and location are correlated with gene identity and taxonomic clade. Conclusion: The Chrysochromulina tobin organellar genomes provide new insight into organellar function and evolution. These are the first organellar genomes to be determined for the prymnesiales, a taxon that is present in both oceanic and freshwater systems and represents major primary photosynthetic producers and contributors to global ecosystem stability.

Research Organization:
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0003046
OSTI ID:
1626435
Journal Information:
BMC Genomics, Vol. 15, Issue 1; ISSN 1471-2164
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Genome Sequence and Transcriptome Analyses of Chrysochromulina tobin: Metabolic Tools for Enhanced Algal Fitness in the Prominent Order Prymnesiales (Haptophyceae) journal September 2015
Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae journal April 2017
The chloroplast genome of the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea journal January 2019
Extensive horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and loss of chlorophyll synthesis genes in the algae journal January 2015
Plastid Genome of Dictyopteris divaricata (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): Understanding the Evolution of Plastid Genomes in Brown Algae journal November 2017
ChloroMitoSSRDB 2.00: more genomes, more repeats, unifying SSRs search patterns and on-the-fly repeat detection journal January 2015