Salicylic acid activates poplar defense against the biotrophic rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina via increased biosynthesis of catechin and proanthocyanidins

Ullah, Chhana; Tsai, Chung‐Jui; Unsicker, Sybille B.; Xue, Liangjiao; Reichelt, Michael; Gershenzon, Jonathan; Hammerbacher, Almuth

doi:10.1111/nph.15396

Title: Salicylic acid activates poplar defense against the biotrophic rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina via increased biosynthesis of catechin and proanthocyanidins

Journal Article · Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · New Phytologist

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15396· OSTI ID:1625918

^[1];

^[2]; Unsicker, Sybille B. ^[1]; Xue, Liangjiao ^[3]; Reichelt, Michael ^[1];

^[1];

^[4]

Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans‐Knöll‐Straße 8 07745 Jena Germany
School of Forestry and Natural Resources Department of Genetics Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria Private Bag X20 Pretoria 0028 South Africa

Poplar trees synthesize flavan-3-ols (catechin and proanthocyanidins) as a defense against foliar rust fungi, but the regulation of this defense response is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of hormones in regulating flavan-3-ol accumulation in poplar during rust infection. We profiled levels of defense hormones, signaling genes, and flavan-3-ol metabolites in black poplar leaves at different stages of rust infection. Hormone levels were manipulated by external sprays, genetic engineering, and drought to reveal their role in rust fungal defenses. Levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid increased in rust-infected leaves and activated downstream signaling, with SA levels correlating closely with those of flavan-3-ols. Pretreatment with the SA analog benzothiadiazole increased flavan-3-ol accumulation by activating the MYB–bHLH–WD40 complex and reduced rust proliferation. Furthermore, transgenic poplar lines overproducing SA exhibited higher amounts of flavan-3-ols constitutively via the same transcriptional activation mechanism. These findings suggest a strong association among SA, flavan-3-ol biosynthesis, and rust resistance in poplars. Abscisic acid also promoted poplar defense against rust infection, but likely through stomatal immunity independent of flavan-3-ols. Jasmonic acid did not confer any apparent defense responses to the fungal pathogen. We conclude that SA activates flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in poplar against rust infection.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1625918

Journal Information:: New Phytologist, Vol. 221, Issue 2; ISSN 0028-646X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Salicylic acid activates poplar defense against the biotrophic rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina via increased biosynthesis of catechin and proanthocyanidins

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