Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy

Liu, Xiaosong; Wang, Dongdong; Liu, Gao; Srinivasan, Venkat; Liu, Zhi; Hussain, Zahid; Yang, Wanli

doi:10.1038/ncomms3568

Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy

Journal Article · Tue Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3568· OSTI ID:1623927

Liu, Xiaosong ^[1]; Wang, Dongdong ^[2]; Liu, Gao ^[2]; Srinivasan, Venkat ^[2]; Liu, Zhi ^[3]; Hussain, Zahid ^[4]; Yang, Wanli ^[4]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Microsystem and Information Technology. State Key Lab. of Functional Materials for Informatics; DOE/OSTI
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Environmental Energy Technologies Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Microsystem and Information Technology. State Key Lab. of Functional Materials for Informatics
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Developing high-performance batteries relies on material breakthroughs. During the past few years, various in situ characterization tools have been developed and have become indispensible in studying and the eventual optimization of battery materials. However, soft X-ray spectroscopy, one of the most sensitive probes of electronic states, has been mainly limited to ex situ experiments for battery research. Here we achieve in situ and operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery cathodes. Taking advantage of the elemental, chemical and surface sensitivities of soft X-rays, we discover distinct lithium-ion and electron dynamics in Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 and LiFePO4 cathodes in polymer electrolytes. The contrast between the two systems and the relaxation effect in LiFePO4 is attributed to a phase transformation mechanism, and the mesoscale morphology and charge conductivity of the electrodes. These discoveries demonstrate feasibility and power of in situ soft X-ray spectroscopy for studying integrated and dynamic effects in batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1623927

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 4; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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