Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes

Hinton, Joseph W.; Heppenheimer, Elizabeth; West, Kyla M.; Caudill, Danny; Karlin, Melissa L.; Kilgo, John C.; Mayer, John Joseph; Miller, Karl V.; Walch, Margaret; vonHoldt, Bridgett; Chamberlain, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/ece3.4966

Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes

Journal Article · Thu Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Ecology and Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4966· OSTI ID:1623543

^[1]; ^[2]; West, Kyla M. ^[3]; Caudill, Danny ^[4]; Karlin, Melissa L. ^[5]; Kilgo, John C. ^[6]; Mayer, John Joseph ^[7]; Miller, Karl V. ^[8]; Walch, Margaret ^[9]; vonHoldt, Bridgett ^[2]; Chamberlain, Michael J. ^[8]

Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); DOE/OSTI
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Tacoma, WA (United States)
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (United States); Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, AK (United States)
St. Mary's Univ., San Antonio, TX (United States)
USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC (United States)
Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC (United States)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Western Biological LLC, Elko, NV (United States)

Prior to 1900, coyotes (Canis latrans) were restricted to the western and central regions of North America, but by the early 2000s, coyotes became ubiquitous throughout the eastern United States. Information regarding morphological and genetic structure of coyote populations in the southeastern United States is limited, and where data exist, they are rarely compared to those from other regions of North America. We assessed geographic patterns in morphology and genetics of coyotes with special consideration of coyotes in the southeastern United States. Mean body mass of coyote populations increased along a west-to-east gradient, with southeastern coyotes being intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes. Similarly, principal component analysis of body mass and linear body measurements suggested that southeastern coyotes were intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes in body size but exhibited shorter tails and ears from other populations. Genetic analyses indicated that southeastern coyotes represented a distinct genetic cluster that differentiated strongly from western and northeastern coyotes. We postulate that southeastern coyotes experienced lower immigration from western populations than did northeastern coyotes, and over time, genetically diverged from both western and northeastern populations. Coyotes colonizing eastern North America experienced different selective pressures than did stable populations in the core range, and we offer that the larger body size of eastern coyotes reflects an adaptation that improved dispersal capabilities of individuals in the expanding range.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC09-08SR22470

OSTI ID:: 1623543

Journal Information:: Ecology and Evolution, Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 9; ISSN 2045-7758

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Canis latrans
colonization
coyote
dispersal
environmental sciences & ecology
evolutionary biology
genetics
geographic variation
morphometrics
range expansion

Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes

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