The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

Spatafora, Joseph W.; Aime, M. Catherine; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Martin, Francis; Stajich, Jason E.; Blackwell, Meredith

doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0053-2016

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

Journal Article · Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Microbiology Spectrum

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0053-2016· OSTI ID:1619079

Spatafora, Joseph W. ^[1]; Aime, M. Catherine ^[2]; Grigoriev, Igor V. ^[3]; Martin, Francis ^[4]; Stajich, Jason E. ^[5]; Blackwell, Meredith ^[6]

Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
Lab. d’Excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l’Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), Champenoux (France)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)

The kingdom Fungi is one of the more diverse clades of eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems, where they provide numerous ecological services ranging from decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling to beneficial and antagonistic associations with plants and animals. The evolutionary relationships of the kingdom have represented some of the more recalcitrant problems in systematics and phylogenetics. The advent of molecular phylogenetics, and more recently phylogenomics, has greatly advanced our understanding of the patterns and processes associated with fungal evolution, however. In this article, we review the major phyla, subphyla, and classes of the kingdom Fungi and provide brief summaries of ecologies, morphologies, and exemplar taxa. We also provide examples of how molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary genomics have advanced our understanding of fungal evolution within each of the phyla and some of the major classes. In the current classification we recognize 8 phyla, 12 subphyla, and 46 classes within the kingdom. The ancestor of fungi is inferred to be zoosporic, and zoosporic fungi comprise three lineages that are paraphyletic to the remainder of fungi. Fungi historically classified as zygomycetes do not form a monophyletic group and are paraphyletic to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are each monophyletic and collectively form the subkingdom Dikarya.

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1619079

Journal Information:: Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Name: Microbiology Spectrum Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 5; ISSN 2165-0497

Publisher:: American Society for Microbiology

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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