On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Bender, A. N.; Anderson, A. J.; Avva, J. S.; Ade, P. A.  R.; Ahmed, Z.; Barry, P. S.; Basu Thakur, R.; Benson, B. A.; Bryant, L.; Byrum, K.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Carter, F. W.; Cecil, T. W.; Chang, C. L.; Cho, H. -M.; Cliche, J. F.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Denison, E. V.; Ding, J.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dutcher, D.; Everett, W.; Ferguson, K. R.; Foster, A.; Fu, J.; Gallicchio, J.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gardner, R. W.; Gilbert, A.; Groh, J. C.; Guns, S.; Guyser, R.; Halverson, N. W.; Harke-Hosemann, A. H.; Harrington, N. L.; Henning, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Howe, D.; Huang, N.; Irwin, K. D.; Jeong, O. B.; Jonas, M.; Jones, A.; Khaire, T. S.; Kofman, A. M.; Korman, M.; Kubik, D. L.; Kuhlmann, S.; Kuo, C. -L.; Lee, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Lowitz, A. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Michalik, D.; Montgomery, J.; Nadolski, A.; Natoli, T.; Nguyen, H.; Noble, G. I.; Novosad, V.; Padin, S.; Pan, Z.; Paschos, P.; Pearson, J.; Posada, C. M.; Quan, W.; Rahlin, A.; Riebel, D.; Ruhl, J. E.; Sayre, J. T.; Shirokoff, E.; Smecher, G.; Sobrin, J. A.; Stark, A. A.; Stephen, J.; Story, K. T.; Suzuki, A.; Thompson, K. L.; Tucker, C.; Vale, L. R.; Vanderlinde, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Wang, G.; Whitehorn, N.; Yefremenko, V.; Yoon, K. W.; Young, M. R.

doi:10.1007/s10909-019-02280-w

Title: On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Journal Article · Tue Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02280-w· OSTI ID:1616755

; Anderson, A. J.; Avva, J. S.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z.; Barry, P. S.; Basu Thakur, R.; Benson, B. A.; Bryant, L.; Byrum, K.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Carter, F. W.; Cecil, T. W.; Chang, C. L.; Cho, H. -M.; Cliche, J. F.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Denison, E. V.; Ding, J. more »

Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme provides for the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of ~16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G’s measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements further show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Sloan Foundation; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Australian Research Council; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Organization:: SPT Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; PLR-1248097; PHY-1125897; GBMF#947; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-07CH11359; AST-0956135

OSTI ID:: 1616755

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1632820

Journal Information:: Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 199, Issue 1-2; ISSN 0022-2291

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 14 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (30)

Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters Stiehl, G. M.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3684807	journal	February 2012
Advanced ACTPol Cryogenic Detector Arrays and Readout Henderson, S. W.; Allison, R.; Austermann, J. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 184, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1575-z	journal	March 2016
Design and Assembly of SPT-3G Cold Readout Hardware Avva, J. S.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1965-5	journal	May 2018
Year two instrument status of the SPT-3G cosmic microwave background receiver Carter, Faustin W.; Cecil, Thomas W.; Chang, Clarence L. Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312426	conference	August 2018
Planar Lithographed Superconducting LC Resonators for Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout Systems Rotermund, K.; Barch, B.; Chapman, S. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 184, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1554-4	journal	March 2016
The Simons Observatory: instrument overview Galitzki, Nicholas; Baildon, Taylor; Barron, Darcy Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312985	conference	July 2018
Time-division superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer for transition-edge sensors de Korte, Piet A. J.; Beyer, Joern; Deiker, Steve Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1593809	journal	August 2003
Digital frequency domain multiplexing readout electronics for the next generation of millimeter telescopes Bender, Amy N.; Cliche, Jean-François; de Haan, Tijmen SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054949	conference	July 2014
MEASUREMENTS OF SUB-DEGREE B -MODE POLARIZATION IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND FROM 100 SQUARE DEGREES OF SPTPOL DATA Keisler, R.; Hoover, S.; Harrington, N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 807, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151	journal	July 2015
Integrated performance of a frequency domain multiplexing readout in the SPT-3G receiver Bender, A. N.; Ade, P. A. R.; Anderson, A. J. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232146	conference	July 2016
The Quest for B Modes from Inflationary Gravitational Waves Kamionkowski, Marc; Kovetz, Ely D. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023433	journal	September 2016
Functional Description of Read-out Electronics for Time-Domain Multiplexed Bolometers for Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Astronomy Battistelli, E. S.; Amiri, M.; Burger, B. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-008-9772-z	journal	January 2008
Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements Dobbs, M. A.; Lueker, M.; Aird, K. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4737629	journal	July 2012
The Polarbear-2 and the Simons Array Experiments Suzuki, A.; Ade, P.; Akiba, Y. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 184, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1425-4	journal	January 2016
ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System Bandura, K.; Bender, A. N.; Cliche, J. F. Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, Vol. 05, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171716410051	journal	December 2016
Millimeter Wavelength Brightness Fluctuations of the Atmosphere above the South Pole Bussmann, R. S.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Kuo, C. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 622, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/427935	journal	April 2005
SPT-3G: A Multichroic Receiver for the South Pole Telescope Anderson, A. J.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-2007-z	journal	July 2018
Development of the superconducting detectors and read-out for the X-IFU instrument on board of the X-ray observatory Athena Gottardi, L.; Akamatsu, H.; Bruijn, M. P. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 824 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.09.072	journal	July 2016
Microwave SQUID multiplexer demonstration for cosmic microwave background imagers Dober, B.; Becker, D. T.; Bennett, D. A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5008527	journal	December 2017
ANTENNA-COUPLED TES BOLOMETERS USED IN BICEP2, Keck Array , AND SPIDER Ade, P. A. R.; Aikin, R. W.; Amiri, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 812, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/812/2/176	journal	October 2015
Improved performance of TES bolometers using digital feedback de Haan, Tijmen; Smecher, Graeme; Dobbs, Matt SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925658	conference	September 2012
Optimization of cold resonant filters for frequency domain multiplexed readout of POLARBEAR-2 Hattori, Kaori; Akiba, Yoshiki; Arnold, Kam SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057045	conference	August 2014
Measurements of E-Mode Polarization and Temperature-E-Mode Correlation in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of Sptpol data Crites, A. T.; Henning, J. W.; Ade, P. A. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 805, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/805/1/36	journal	May 2015
Measurements of E-Mode Polarization and Temperature-E-Mode Correlation in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data Crites, A. T.; Henning, J. W.; Ade, P. A. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.1042	text	January 2014
Antenna-coupled TES bolometers used in BICEP2, Keck array, and SPIDER Ade, P. A. R.; Aikin, R. W.; Amiri, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.00619	text	January 2015
Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data Keisler, R.; Hoover, S.; Harrington, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.02315	text	January 2015
Advanced ACTPol Cryogenic Detector Arrays and Readout Henderson, S. W.; Allison, R.; Austermann, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.02809	text	January 2015
The Quest for B Modes from Inflationary Gravitational Waves Kamionkowski, Marc; Kovetz, Ely D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.06042	text	January 2015
Microwave SQUID Multiplexer demonstration for Cosmic Microwave Background Imagers Dober, B.; Becker, D. T.; Bennett, D. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.04326	text	January 2017
Millimeter Wavelength Brightness Fluctuations of the Atmosphere Above the South Pole Bussmann, R. S.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Kuo, C. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0412031	text	January 2004

Cited By (1)

Simons Observatory Microwave SQUID Multiplexing Readout -- Cryogenic RF Amplifier and Coaxial Chain Design Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana; Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano; Ali, Aamir arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.08949	text	January 2020

Similar Records

On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Conference · Thu Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1616755

Bender, A. N.

Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

Journal Article · Wed Nov 20 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics · OSTI ID:1616755

Anderson, A. J.; Ade, P. R.; Ahmed, Z.; +86 more

Design and Assembly of SPT-3G Cold Readout Hardware

Journal Article · Thu May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics · OSTI ID:1616755

Avva, J. S.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z.; +79 more

Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Frequency-domain multiplexing
Transition-edge sensor
Cosmic microwave background
cosmic microwave background
frequency domain multiplexing
transition edge sensor

Title: On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Citation Formats

References (30)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects