Scalable synthesis of nanoporous silicon microparticles for highly cyclable lithium-ion batteries

Wang, Jiangyan; Huang, William; Kim, Yong Seok; Jeong, You Kyeong; Kim, Sang Cheol; Heo, Jeffrey; Lee, Hiang Kwee; Liu, Bofei; Nah, Jaehou; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2770-4

Scalable synthesis of nanoporous silicon microparticles for highly cyclable lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nano Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2770-4· OSTI ID:1616749

Wang, Jiangyan ^[1]; Huang, William ^[1]; Kim, Yong Seok ^[2]; Jeong, You Kyeong ^[1]; Kim, Sang Cheol ^[1]; Heo, Jeffrey ^[1]; Lee, Hiang Kwee ^[1]; Liu, Bofei ^[1]; Nah, Jaehou ^[3]; Cui, Yi ^[4]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); R&D center, Samsung SDI (Republic of Korea)
R&D center, Samsung SDI (Republic of Korea)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Nanoporous silicon is a promising anode material for high energy density batteries due to its high cycling stability and high tap density compared to other nanostructured anode materials. However, the high cost of synthesis and low yield of nanoporous silicon limit its practical application. Here, we develop a scalable, low-cost top-down process of controlled oxidation of Mg₂Si in the air, followed by HCl removal of MgO to generate nanoporous silicon without the use of HF. By controlling the synthesis conditions, the oxygen content, grain size and yield of the porous silicon are simultaneously optimized from commercial standpoints. In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy reveals the reaction mechanism; the Mg₂Si microparticle reacts with O₂ to form MgO and Si, while preventing SiO₂ formation. Owing to the low oxygen content and microscale secondary structure, the nanoporous silicon delivers a higher initial reversible capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency compared to commercial Si nanoparticles (3,033 mAh/g vs. 2,418 mAh/g, 84.3% vs. 73.1%). Synthesis is highly scalable, and a yield of 90.4% is achieved for the porous Si nanostructure with the capability to make an excess of 10 g per batch. Our synthetic nanoporous silicon is promising for practical applications in next generation lithium-ion batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1616749

Journal Information:: Nano Research, Journal Name: Nano Research Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 13; ISSN 1998-0124

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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