A Micrometer‐Sized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Synthesized by Impregnation of Petroleum Pitch in Nanoporous Silicon

Chae, Sujong; Xu, Yaobin; Yi, Ran; Lim, Hyung‐Seok; Velickovic, Dusan; Li, Xiaolin; Li, Qiuyan; Wang, Chongmin; Zhang, Ji‐Guang

doi:10.1002/adma.202103095

A Micrometer‐Sized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Synthesized by Impregnation of Petroleum Pitch in Nanoporous Silicon

Journal Article · Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202103095· OSTI ID:2587663

^[1]; ^[1]; Yi, Ran ^[1]; ^[1]; Velickovic, Dusan ^[1]; Li, Xiaolin ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Porous silicon (Si)/carbon nanocomposites have been extensively explored as a promising anode material for high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). However, shrinking of the pores and sintering of Si in the nanoporous structure during fabrication often diminishes the full benefits of nanoporous Si. Herein, a scalable method is reported to preserve the porous Si nanostructure by impregnating petroleum pitch inside of porous Si before high-temperature treatment. The resulting micrometer-sized Si/C composite maintains a desired porosity to accommodate large volume change and high conductivity to facilitate charge transfer. It also forms a stable surface coating that limits the penetration of electrolyte into nanoporous Si and minimizes the side reaction between electrolyte and Si during cycling and storage. A Si-based anode with 80% of pitch-derived carbon/nanoporous Si enables very stable cycling of a Si||Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O₂ (NMC532) battery (80% capacity retention after 450 cycles). It also leads to low swelling in both particle and electrode levels required for the next generation of high-energy LIBs. In conclusion, the process also can be used to preserve the porous structure of other nanoporous materials that need to be treated at high temperatures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2587663

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1821051

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--161411

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 40 Vol. 33; ISSN 1521-4095; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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