Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

Li, Si-Yu; Su, Ying; Ren, Ya-Ning; He, Lin

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106802

Title: Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

Journal Article · Tue Mar 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106802· OSTI ID:1614834

Li, Si-Yu ^[1];

^[2]; Ren, Ya-Ning ^[1];

^[3]

Beijing Normal Univ. (China)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Beijing Normal Univ. (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China)

It is quite easy to control spin polarization and the spin direction of a system via magnetic fields. However, there is no such direct and efficient way to manipulate the valley pseudospin degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that it is possible to realize valley polarization and valley inversion in graphene by using both strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields. Pseudomagnetic fields, which are quite different from real magnetic fields, point in opposite directions at the two distinct valleys of graphene. Therefore, the coexistence of pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields leads to imbalanced effective magnetic fields at two distinct valleys of graphene. This allows us to control the valley in graphene as conveniently as the electron spin. In this work, we report a consistent observation of valley polarization and inversion in strained graphene via pseudo-Landau levels, splitting of real Landau levels, and valley splitting of confined states using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Finally our results highlight a pathway to valleytronics in strained graphene-based platforms.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; 11974050; 11674029

OSTI ID:: 1614834

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1603836

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-21456; PRLTAO; TRN: US2106316

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 10; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 64 works

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Title: Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

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