The third law of thermodynamics in open quantum systems

Shastry, Abhay; Xu, Yiheng; Stafford, Charles A.

doi:10.1063/1.5100182

The third law of thermodynamics in open quantum systems

Journal Article · Tue Aug 13 04:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100182· OSTI ID:1610889

Shastry, Abhay ^[1]; Xu, Yiheng ^[2]; ^[3]

Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada); DOE/OSTI
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

In this work, we consider open quantum systems consisting of a finite system of independent fermions with arbitrary Hamiltonian coupled to one or more equilibrium fermion reservoirs (which need not be in equilibrium with each other). A strong form of the third law of thermodynamics, S(T) → 0 as T → 0, is proven for fully open quantum systems in thermal equilibrium with their environment, defined as systems where all states are broadened due to environmental coupling. For generic open quantum systems, it is shown that S(T) → g ln 2 as T → 0, where g is the number of localized states lying exactly at the chemical potential of the reservoir. For driven open quantum systems in a nonequilibrium steady state, it is shown that the local entropy S(x;T)→0 as T(x) → 0, except for cases of measure zero arising due to localized states, where T(x) is the temperature measured by a local thermometer.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0006699

OSTI ID:: 1610889

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1557022

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Chemical Physics Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 151; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited By (1)

Special topic on dynamics of open quantum systems Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Thoss, Michael The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 152, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142731	journal	January 2020

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FIG. 1(p. 6)

FIG. 2(p. 8)

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