Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Shen, Chun; Qiu, Zhi; Heinz, Ulrich

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901

Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Journal Article · Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014901· OSTI ID:1604534

Shen, Chun ^[1]; Qiu, Zhi ^[2]; ^[2]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (United States); The Ohio State University
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

In ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, anisotropic hydrodynamic flow is generated by density fluctuations in the initial state rather than by geometric overlap effects. For a given centrality class, the initial fluctuation spectrum is sensitive to the method chosen for binning the events into centrality classes. We show that sorting events by total initial entropy or by total final multiplicity yields event classes with equivalent statistical fluctuation properties, in spite of viscous entropy production during the fireball evolution. With this initial entropy-based centrality definition we generate several classes of ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at CERN Large Hadron Collider energies and evolve the events using viscous hydrodynamics with nonzero shear but vanishing bulk viscosity. Comparing the predicted anisotropic flow coefficients for charged hadrons with CMS data we find that both the Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glb) and Monte Carlo Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (MC-KLN) models produce initial fluctuation spectra that are incompatible with the measured final anisotropic flow power spectrum, for any choice of the specific shear viscosity. In spite of this failure, we show that the hydrodynamic model can qualitatively explain, in terms of event-by-event fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients and flow angles, the breaking of flow factorization for elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow measured by the CMS experiment. For elliptic flow, this factorization breaking is large in ultracentral collisions. Finally, we conclude that the bulk of the experimentally observed flow factorization breaking effects are qualitatively explained by hydrodynamic evolution of initial-state fluctuations, but that their quantitative description requires a better understanding of the initial fluctuation spectrum.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004104; SC0004286

OSTI ID:: 1604534

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1198640

Journal Information:: Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 92; ISSN 0556-2813; ISSN PRVCAN

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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