Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Journal Article · Fri Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Visualized Experiments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3791/57415· OSTI ID:1601177

Wu, Jinpeng ^[1]; Sallis, Shawn ^[2]; Qiao, Ruimin ^[3]; Li, Qinghao ^[4]; Zhuo, Zengqing ^[5]; Dai, Kehua ^[6]; Guo, Zixuan ^[7]; Yang, Wanli ^[3]

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1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
2. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Binghamton Univ., NY (United States)
3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Shandong Univ., Jinan (China). National Key Lab. of Crystal Materials
5. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
6. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
7. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Energy storage has become more and more a limiting factor of today's sustainable energy applications, including electric vehicles and green electric grid based on volatile solar and wind sources. The pressing demand of developing high-performance electrochemical energy storage solutions, i.e., batteries, relies on both fundamental understanding and practical developments from both the academy and industry. The formidable challenge of developing successful battery technology stems from the different requirements for different energy-storage applications. Energy density, power, stability, safety, and cost parameters all have to be balanced in batteries to meet the requirements of different applications. Therefore, multiple battery technologies based on different materials and mechanisms need to be developed and optimized. Incisive tools that could directly probe the chemical reactions in various battery materials are becoming critical to advance the field beyond its conventional trial-and-error approach. Here, we present detailed protocols for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (sXES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments, which are inherently elemental-sensitive probes of the transition-metal 3d and anion 2p states in battery compounds. We provide the details on the experimental techniques and demonstrations revealing the key chemical states in battery materials through these soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 1601177
• Journal Information: Journal of Visualized Experiments, Journal Name: Journal of Visualized Experiments Journal Issue: 134 Vol. 2018; ISSN 1940-087X; ISSN JVEOA4
• Publisher: MyJoVE Corp.
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
Energy Storage
Li-ion Batteries
Na-ion Batteries
Redox reactions
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS)
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS)