Inhomogeneous Doping of Perovskite Materials by Dopants from Hole-Transport Layer

Xiao, Chuanxiao; Zhang, Fei; Li, Zhen; Harvey, Steven P.; Chen, Xihan; Wang, Kang; Jiang, Chun-Sheng; Zhu, Kai; Al-Jassim, Mowafak

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.005

Title: Inhomogeneous Doping of Perovskite Materials by Dopants from Hole-Transport Layer

Journal Article · Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Matter

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.005· OSTI ID:1762540

Xiao, Chuanxiao; Zhang, Fei; Li, Zhen; Harvey, Steven P.; Chen, Xihan; Wang, Kang; Jiang, Chun-Sheng;

; Al-Jassim, Mowafak

Dopants, which are often indispensable in the organic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are used to enhance HTL conductivity and tune the energy level of HTLs. Here, we show that the lithium (Li) dopant from HTLs can significantly dope the perovskite absorber layer through diffusion. Kelvin probe force microscopy mapping shows that Li diffusion increases the surface potential of the perovskite film. The potential at grain boundaries showed more increase than in grain interiors, indicating inhomogeneous distribution of Li dopant in the perovskite layer, which was further confirmed by lateral elemental mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. For both p-i-n and n-i-p device structures, the diffusion and nonuniform distribution of Li⁺ ions are shown to influence the carrier-transport properties of perovskites and device characteristics. This work shows the hidden doping effects of the HTL dopants on perovskite films and their impact on PSC performance.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1762540

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1600909; OSTI ID: 1694350

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-74093; S2590238519302759; PII: S2590238519302759

Journal Information:: Matter, Journal Name: Matter Vol. 2 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2590-2385

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Inhomogeneous Doping of Perovskite Materials by Dopants from Hole-Transport Layer

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