The limiting layer of fish scales: structure and properties

Arola, Dwayne D.; Murcia Sanchez, Sandra C.; Stossel, Melicent; Pahuja, Rishi; Linley, Timothy J.; Devaraj, Arun; Ramulu, M; Ossa, E A.; Wang, J

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.011

Title: The limiting layer of fish scales: structure and properties

Journal Article · Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Acta Biomaterialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.011· OSTI ID:1560655

Arola, Dwayne D. ^[1]; Murcia Sanchez, Sandra C. ^[2]; Stossel, Melicent ^[3]; Pahuja, Rishi ^[3]; Linley, Timothy J. ^[4];

^[4]; Ramulu, M ^[3]; Ossa, E A. ^[5]; Wang, J ^[3]

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON (MAIN CAMPUS)
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
University of Washington
BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
Universidad Eafit, Medellín

Fish scales serve as a flexible natural armor that have received increasing attention across the materials community. Most efforts in this area have focused on the composite structure of the predominately organic elasmodine, and limited work addresses the highly mineralized external portion known as the Limiting Layer (LL). This coating serves as the first barrier to external threats and plays an important role in resisting puncture. In this investigation the structure, composition and mechanical behavior of the LL were explored for three different fish, including the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), the tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and the carp (Cyprinus carpio). The scales of these three fish have received the most attention within the materials community. Features of the LL were evaluated with respect to anatomical position to distinguish site-specific functional differences. Results show that there are significant differences in the surface morphology of the LL from posterior and anterior regions in the scales, and between the three fish species. The calcium to phosphorus ratio and the mineral to collagen ratios of the LL are not equivalent among the three fish. Results from nanoindentation showed that the LL of tarpon scales is the hardest, followed by the carp and the arapaima and the differences in hardness are related to the apatite structure, possibly induced by the growth rate and environment of each fish.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1560655

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-136535

Journal Information:: Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 67

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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