The limiting layer of fish scales: Structure and properties

Arola, D.; Murcia, S.; Stossel, M.; Pahuja, R.; Linley, T.; Devaraj, Arun; Ramulu, M.; Ossa, E. A.; Wang, J.

doi:10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2017.12.011

The limiting layer of fish scales: Structure and properties

Journal Article · Thu Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Acta Biomaterialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2017.12.011· OSTI ID:1416971

Arola, D. ^[1]; Murcia, S. ^[2]; Stossel, M. ^[3]; Pahuja, R. ^[3]; Linley, T. ^[4]; Devaraj, Arun ^[5]; Ramulu, M. ^[3]; Ossa, E. A. ^[6]; Wang, J. ^[3]

Shanghai Univ., Shanghai (China). Dept. of Mechanics; Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Energy and Environment Directorate
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
Univ. Eafit, Medellin (Colombia). School of Engineering, Production Engineering Dept.

Fish scales serve as a flexible natural armor that have received increasing attention across the materials community. Most efforts in this area have focused on the composite structure of the predominately organic elasmodine, and limited work addresses the highly mineralized external portion known as the Limiting Layer (LL). This coating serves as the first barrier to external threats and plays an important role in resisting puncture. Here in this investigation the structure, composition and mechanical behavior of the LL were explored for three different fish, including the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), the tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and the carp (Cyprinus carpio). The scales of these three fish have received the most attention within the materials community. Features of the LL were evaluated with respect to anatomical position to distinguish site-specific functional differences. Results show that there are significant differences in the surface morphology of the LL from posterior and anterior regions in the scales, and between the three fish species. The calcium to phosphorus ratio and the mineral to collagen ratios of the LL are not equivalent among the three fish. Finally, results from nanoindentation showed that the LL of tarpon scales is the hardest, followed by the carp and the arapaima and the differences in hardness are related to the apatite structure, possibly induced by the growth rate and environment of each fish.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Colciencias of Colombia; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1416971

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1548975
OSTI ID: 1560655

Journal Information:: Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Name: Acta Biomaterialia Vol. 67; ISSN 1742-7061

Publisher:: Acta Materialia, Inc.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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