Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice

Farhan, Alan; Saccone, Michael; Petersen, Charlotte F.; Dhuey, Scott; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; Huang, Yen-Lin; Kent, Noah; Chen, Zuhuang; Alava, Mikko J.; Lippert, Thomas; Scholl, Andreas; van Dijken, Sebastiaan

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav6380

Title: Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice

Journal Article · Fri Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Science Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6380· OSTI ID:1542371

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5]; Huang, Yen-Lin ^[6]; Kent, Noah ^[7]; Chen, Zuhuang ^[8];

^[9]; Lippert, Thomas ^[10];

^[5]; van Dijken, Sebastiaan ^[11]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Aalto Univ., Espoo (Finland); Univ. Innsbruck (Austria)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division
Harbin Inst. of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong (China)
Aalto Univ., Espoo (Finland); Univ. Innsbruck (Austria)
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland)
Aalto Univ. School of Science, Aalto (Finland)

Magnetic monopoles, proposed as elementary particles that act as isolated magnetic south and north poles, have long attracted research interest as magnetic analogs to electric charge. In solid-state physics, a classical analog to these elusive particles has emerged as topological excitations within pyrochlore spin ice systems. We present the first real-time imaging of emergent magnetic monopole motion in a macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice system consisting of thermally activated Ising-type nanomagnets lithographically arranged onto a pre-etched silicon substrate. A real-space characterization of emergent magnetic monopoles within the framework of Debye-Hückel theory is performed, providing visual evidence that these topological defects act like a plasma of Coulomb-type magnetic charges. In contrast to vertex defects in a purely two-dimensional artificial square ice, magnetic monopoles are free to evolve within a divergence-free vacuum, a magnetic Coulomb phase, for which features in the form of pinch-point singularities in magnetic structure factors are observed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1542371

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 88 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (48)

Spin Ice State in Frustrated Magnetic Pyrochlore Materials Bramwell, S. T. Science, Vol. 294, Issue 5546 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064761	journal	November 2001
Geometrical Frustration in the Ferromagnetic Pyrochlore ${Ho}_{2} {Ti}_{2} O_{7}$ Harris, M. J.; Bramwell, S. T.; McMorrow, D. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 79, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2554	journal	September 1997
Zero-point entropy in ‘spin ice’ Ramirez, A. P.; Hayashi, A.; Cava, R. J. Nature, Vol. 399, Issue 6734 https://doi.org/10.1038/20619	journal	May 1999
The Structure and Entropy of Ice and of Other Crystals with Some Randomness of Atomic Arrangement Pauling, Linus Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01315a102	journal	December 1935
Magnetic monopoles in spin ice Castelnovo, C.; Moessner, R.; Sondhi, S. L. Nature, Vol. 451, Issue 7174 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06433	journal	January 2008
Magnetic Coulomb Phase in the Spin Ice Ho2Ti2O7 Fennell, T.; Deen, P. P.; Wildes, A. R. Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5951 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177582	journal	September 2009
The “Coulomb Phase” in Frustrated Systems Henley, Christopher L. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104138	journal	August 2010
Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands Wang, R. F.; Nisoli, C.; Freitas, R. S. Nature, Vol. 439, Issue 7074 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04447	journal	January 2006
Exploring thermally induced states in square artificial spin-ice arrays Porro, J. M.; Bedoya-Pinto, A.; Berger, A. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/055012	journal	May 2013
Crystallites of magnetic charges in artificial spin ice Zhang, Sheng; Gilbert, Ian; Nisoli, Cristiano Nature, Vol. 500, Issue 7464 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12399	journal	August 2013
Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in artificial square ice Perrin, Yann; Canals, Benjamin; Rougemaille, Nicolas Nature, Vol. 540, Issue 7633 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20155	journal	November 2016
Building blocks of an artificial kagome spin ice: Photoemission electron microscopy of arrays of ferromagnetic islands Mengotti, E.; Heyderman, L. J.; Fraile Rodríguez, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.144402	journal	October 2008
Direct observation of the ice rule in an artificial kagome spin ice Qi, Yi; Brintlinger, T.; Cumings, John Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.094418	journal	March 2008
Direct observation of magnetic monopole defects in an artificial spin-ice system Ladak, S.; Read, D. E.; Perkins, G. K. Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1628	journal	April 2010
Thermodynamic phase transitions in a frustrated magnetic metamaterial Anghinolfi, L.; Luetkens, H.; Perron, J. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9278	journal	September 2015
Debye-Hückel theory for spin ice at low temperature Castelnovo, C.; Moessner, R.; Sondhi, S. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.144435	journal	October 2011
Magnetic charge and moment dynamics in artificial kagome spin ice Farhan, A.; Derlet, P. M.; Anghinolfi, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.064409	journal	August 2017
Thermodynamics of emergent magnetic charge screening in artificial spin ice Farhan, Alan; Scholl, Andreas; Petersen, Charlotte F. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12635	journal	September 2016
Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices Östman, Erik; Stopfel, Henry; Chioar, Ioan-Augustin Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2	journal	February 2018
Nanoscale control of competing interactions and geometrical frustration in a dipolar trident lattice Farhan, Alan; Petersen, Charlotte F.; Dhuey, Scott Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01238-4	journal	October 2017
Cryogenic PEEM at the Advanced Light Source Doran, Andrew; Church, Matthew; Miller, Tom Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 185, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.05.005	journal	October 2012
Element-Specific Magnetic Microscopy with Circularly Polarized X-rays Stöhr, J.; Wu, Y.; Hermsmeier, B. D. Science, Vol. 259, Issue 5095 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5095.658	journal	January 1993
Creation and measurement of long-lived magnetic monopole currents in spin ice Giblin, S. R.; Bramwell, S. T.; Holdsworth, P. C. W. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1896	journal	February 2011
Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in the Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7 Morris, D. J. P.; Tennant, D. A.; Grigera, S. A. Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5951 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178868	journal	September 2009
Lattice models of ionic systems Kobelev, Vladimir; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.; Fisher, Michael E. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1464827	journal	May 2002
Electrostatic correlations: from plasma to biology Levin, Yan Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 65, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/65/11/201	journal	September 2002
Signature of magnetic monopole and Dirac string dynamics in spin ice Jaubert, L. D. C.; Holdsworth, P. C. W. Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1227	journal	March 2009
Exploring hyper-cubic energy landscapes in thermally active finite artificial spin-ice systems Farhan, A.; Derlet, P. M.; Kleibert, A. Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2613	journal	May 2013
Effect of FePd alloy composition on the dynamics of artificial spin ice Morley, Sophie A.; Riley, Susan T.; Porro, Jose-Maria Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23208-6	journal	March 2018
Magnetic-charge ordering and phase transitions in monopole-conserved square spin ice Xie, Y. -L.; Du, Z. -Z.; Yan, Z. -B. Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15875	journal	October 2015
Onsager’s Wien effect on a lattice Kaiser, V.; Bramwell, S. T.; Holdsworth, P. C. W. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3729	journal	August 2013
Absence of Pauling’s residual entropy in thermally equilibrated Dy2Ti2O7 Pomaranski, D.; Yaraskavitch, L. R.; Meng, S. Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2591	journal	April 2013
Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands Wang, R. F.; Nisoli, C.; Freitas, R. S. Nature, Vol. 446, Issue 7131 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05607	journal	March 2007
Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice Castelnovo, C.; Moessner, R.; Sondhi, S. L. Topologica, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3731/topologica.1.012	journal	January 2008
Thermodynamic phase transitions in a frustrated magnetic metamaterial Heyderman, Laura J.; Anghinolfi, Luca; Luetkens, Hubertus ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000104909	text	January 2015
Signature of magnetic monopole and Dirac string dynamics in spin ice Jaubert, Ludovic D. C.; Holdsworth, Peter C. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0903.1074	text	January 2009
Magnetic multipole analysis of kagome and artificial ice dipolar arrays Moller, Gunnar; Moessner, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0906.3937	text	January 2009
Onsager's Wien Effect on a Lattice Kaiser, Vojtěch; Bramwell, Steven T.; Holdsworth, Peter C. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1305.4072	text	January 2013
Electrostatic correlations: from Plasma to Biology Levin, Yan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0207086	text	January 2002
Artificial square ice and related dipolar nanoarrays Moller, Gunnar; Moessner, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0604096	text	January 2006
Lattice models of ionic systems with charge asymmetry Artyomov, Maxim N.; Kobelev, Vladimir; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1558311	journal	April 2003
Magnetic multipole analysis of kagome and artificial spin-ice dipolar arrays Möller, G.; Moessner, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.80.140409	journal	October 2009
Direct Observation of Thermal Relaxation in Artificial Spin Ice Farhan, A.; Derlet, P. M.; Kleibert, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.111.057204	journal	August 2013
Dynamics of Bound Monopoles in Artificial Spin Ice: How to Store Energy in Dirac Strings Vedmedenko, E. Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.077202	journal	February 2016
Artificial Square Ice and Related Dipolar Nanoarrays Möller, G.; Moessner, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.237202	journal	June 2006
Direct observation of the ice rule in artificial kagome spin ice Qi, Yi; Brintlinger, T.; Cumings, John arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0802.0034	text	January 2008
Debye-Hückel theory for spin ice at low temperature Castelnovo, Claudio; Moessner, Roderich; Sondhi, Shivaji arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1107.5482	text	January 2011
Magnetic-Moment Fragmentation and Monopole Crystallization Brooks-Bartlett, Marion; Banks, Simon T.; Jaubert, Ludovic D. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.4120	text	January 2013

Cited By (12)

Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice Morley, Sophie A.; Porro, Jose Maria; Hrabec, Aleš Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52460-7	journal	November 2019
Advances in artificial spin ice Skjærvø, Sandra H.; Marrows, Christopher H.; Stamps, Robert L. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-019-0118-3	journal	November 2019
Elevated effective dimension in tree-like nanomagnetic Cayley structures Saccone, Michael; Hofhuis, Kevin; Bracher, David Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07510k	journal	January 2020
On the micromagnetic behavior of dipolar-coupled nanomagnets in defective square artificial spin ice systems Keswani, Neeti; Das, Pintu Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127262	journal	December 2019
Magnetization dynamics in artificial spin ice Lendinez, S.; Jungfleisch, M. B. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab3e78	journal	October 2019
Intermediate phase and pseudo phase transition in an artificial spin ice model Stancioli, R. A.; Mól, L. A. S. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.024432	journal	July 2019
Monte Carlo study on the detection of classical order by disorder in real antiferromagnetic Ising pyrochlores Guruciaga, Pamela C.; Borzi, Rodolfo A. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.174404	journal	November 2019
Towards artificial Ising spin glasses: Thermal ordering in randomized arrays of Ising-type nanomagnets Saccone, Michael; Scholl, Andreas; Velten, Sven Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.224403	journal	June 2019
Quasidegenerate ice manifold in a purely two-dimensional square array of nanomagnets Perrin, Yann; Canals, Benjamin; Rougemaille, Nicolas Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.224434	journal	June 2019
Dipolar Cairo lattice: Geometrical frustration and short-range correlations Saccone, Michael; Hofhuis, Kevin; Huang, Yen-Lin Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.104402	journal	October 2019
Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice Morley, Sophie A.; Porro, Jose Maria; Hrabec, Aleš arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.07472	text	January 2018
Intermediate phase and pseudo phase transition in an artificial spin ice model Stancioli, R. A.; Mól, L. A. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.08498	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Field-Induced Magnetic Monopole Plasma in Artificial Spin Ice

Journal Article · Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review. X · OSTI ID:1542371

Goryca, M.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.; +6 more

Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice

Journal Article · Thu Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Communications Physics · OSTI ID:1542371

Saccone, Michael; Van den Berg, Arjen; Harding, Edward; +4 more

Realizing three-dimensional artificial spin ice by stacking planar nano-arrays

Journal Article · Mon Jan 06 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:1542371

Chern, Gia-Wei; Reichhardt, Charles; Nisoli, Cristiano

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Title: Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice

Citation Formats

References (48)

Cited By (12)

Similar Records

Related Subjects