Controlled Isotropic and Anisotropic Shell Growth in β-NaLnF4 Nanocrystals Induced by Precursor Injection Rate

Fischer, Stefan; Swabeck, Joseph K.; Alivisatos, A. Paul

doi:10.1021/jacs.7b07496

Controlled Isotropic and Anisotropic Shell Growth in β-NaLnF₄ Nanocrystals Induced by Precursor Injection Rate

Journal Article · Fri Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b07496· OSTI ID:1532260

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Kavli Energy NanoScience Inst., Berkeley, CA (United States)

Precise morphology and composition control is vital for designing multifunctional lanthanide-doped core/shell nanocrystals. Herein, we report controlled isotropic and anisotropic shell growth techniques in hexagonal sodium rare-earth tetrafluoride (β-NaLnF₄) nanocrystals by exploiting the kinetics of the shell growth. A drastic change of the shell morphology was observed by changing the injection rate of the shell precursors while keeping all other reaction conditions constant. We obtained isotropic shell growth for fast sequential injection and a preferred growth of the shell layers along the crystal's c-axis [001] for slow dropwise injection. Using this slow shell growth technique, we have grown rod-like shells around different almost spherical core nanocrystals. Bright and efficient upconversion was measured for both isotropic and rod-like shells around β-NaYF₄ nanocrystals doped with Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺. Photoluminescence upconversion quantum yield and lifetime measurements reveal the high quality of the core/shell nanocrystal. Furthermore, multishell rod-like nanostructures have been prepared with optically active cores and tips separated by an inert intermediate shell layer. The controlled anisotropic shell growth allows the design of new core/multishell nanostructures and enables independent investigations of the chemistry and physics of different nanocrystal facets.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion (LMI)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); German Research Foundation (DFG)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0001293

OSTI ID:: 1532260

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 35 Vol. 139; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (46)

The Active-Core/Active-Shell Approach: A Strategy to Enhance the Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles Vetrone, Fiorenzo; Naccache, Rafik; Mahalingam, Venkataramanan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200900234	journal	September 2009
The Fluoride Host: Nucleation, Growth, and Upconversion of Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles Naccache, Rafik; Yu, Qing; Capobianco, John A. Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400628	journal	March 2015
Upconversion for Photovoltaics - a Review of Materials, Devices and Concepts for Performance Enhancement Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Fischer, Stefan Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500024	journal	April 2015
Green-Emitting CePO4:Tb/LaPO4 Core–Shell Nanoparticles with 70 % Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Kömpe, Karsten; Borchert, Holger; Storz, Jörg Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 42, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200351943	journal	November 2003
Direct Evidence of a Surface Quenching Effect on Size-Dependent Luminescence of Upconversion Nanoparticles Wang, Feng; Wang, Juan; Liu, Xiaogang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 49, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201003959	journal	August 2010
Synthesis of 10 nm β-NaYF ₄ :Yb,Er/NaYF ₄ Core/Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals with 5 nm Particle Cores Rinkel, Thorben; Raj, Athira Naduviledathu; Dühnen, Simon Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201508838	journal	December 2015
Unraveling Epitaxial Habits in the NaLnF₄System for Color Multiplexing at the Single-Particle Level Zhang, Yuhai; Huang, Ling; Liu, Xiaogang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201511626	journal	April 2016
Sodium lanthanide fluoride core-shell nanocrystals: A general perspective on epitaxial shell growth Johnson, Noah J. J.; van Veggel, Frank C. J. M. Nano Research, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-013-0333-7	journal	June 2013
Sequential growth of sandwiched NaYF4:Yb/Er@NaYF4:Yb@NaNdF4:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy Peng, Huang-Yong; Ding, Bin-Bin; Ma, Yin-Chu Applied Surface Science, Vol. 357 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.264	journal	December 2015
Highly efficient near-infrared to visible up-conversion process in Suyver, J. F.; Grimm, J.; Krämer, K. W. Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 114, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.11.012	journal	July 2005
Lanthanide-Doped Energy Cascade Nanoparticles: Full Spectrum Emission by Single Wavelength Excitation Peng, Dengfeng; Ju, Qiang; Chen, Xian Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00775	journal	April 2015
Study on the Intermixing of Core and Shell in NaEuF ₄ /NaGdF ₄ Core/Shell Nanocrystals Dühnen, Simon; Haase, Markus Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03846	journal	December 2015
Energy-Cascaded Upconversion in an Organic Dye-Sensitized Core/Shell Fluoride Nanocrystal Chen, Guanying; Damasco, Jossana; Qiu, Hailong Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02830	journal	October 2015
Precise Tuning of Surface Quenching for Luminescence Enhancement in Core–Shell Lanthanide-Doped Nanocrystals Fischer, Stefan; Bronstein, Noah D.; Swabeck, Joseph K. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03683	journal	October 2016
Optimal Sensitizer Concentration in Single Upconversion Nanocrystals Ma, Chenshuo; Xu, Xiaoxue; Wang, Fan Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05331	journal	April 2017
Dye-Sensitized Core/Active Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles for Optogenetics and Bioimaging Applications Wu, Xiang; Zhang, Yuanwei; Takle, Kendra ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06383	journal	December 2015
Energy-Looping Nanoparticles: Harnessing Excited-State Absorption for Deep-Tissue Imaging Levy, Elizabeth S.; Tajon, Cheryl A.; Bischof, Thomas S. ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b03288	journal	September 2016
Water-Soluble NaYF ₄ :Yb,Er(Tm)/NaYF ₄ /Polymer Core/Shell/Shell Nanoparticles with Significant Enhancement of Upconversion Fluorescence Yi, Guang-Shun; Chow, Gan-Moog Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062447y	journal	February 2007
Different Microstructures of β-NaYF 4 Fabricated by Hydrothermal Process: Effects of pH Values and Fluoride Sources Li, Chunxia; Yang, Jun; Quan, Zewei Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071668g	journal	October 2007
Size-Tunable, Ultrasmall NaGdF ₄ Nanoparticles: Insights into Their T ₁ MRI Contrast Enhancement Johnson, Noah J. J.; Oakden, Wendy; Stanisz, Greg J. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm201297x	journal	August 2011
Successive Layer-by-Layer Strategy for Multi-Shell Epitaxial Growth: Shell Thickness and Doping Position Dependence in Upconverting Optical Properties Li, Xiaomin; Shen, Dengke; Yang, Jianping Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm3033498	journal	December 2012
High-Quality Sodium Rare-Earth Fluoride Nanocrystals: Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties Mai, Hao-Xin; Zhang, Ya-Wen; Si, Rui Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 128, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja060212h	journal	May 2006
Self-Focusing by Ostwald Ripening: A Strategy for Layer-by-Layer Epitaxial Growth on Upconverting Nanocrystals Johnson, Noah J. J.; Korinek, Andreas; Dong, Cunhai Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja302717u	journal	June 2012
Mechanistic Investigation of Photon Upconversion in Nd ³⁺ -Sensitized Core–Shell Nanoparticles Xie, Xiaoji; Gao, Nengyue; Deng, Renren Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4075002	journal	August 2013
Multicolor Barcoding in a Single Upconversion Crystal Zhang, Yuhai; Zhang, Lixin; Deng, Renren Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5013646	journal	March 2014
Calculated Absorption and Scattering Properties of Gold Nanoparticles of Different Size, Shape, and Composition: Applications in Biological Imaging and Biomedicine Jain, Prashant K.; Lee, Kyeong Seok; El-Sayed, Ivan H. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp057170o	journal	April 2006
Size- and Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Monodisperse NaYF₄:Yb,Er Nanocrystals from a Unique Delayed Nucleation Pathway Monitored with Upconversion Spectroscopy Mai, Hao-Xin; Zhang, Ya-Wen; Sun, Ling-Dong The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 37, p. 13730-13739 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp073919e	journal	September 2007
Highly Efficient Multicolor Up-Conversion Emissions and Their Mechanisms of Monodisperse NaYF ₄ :Yb,Er Core and Core/Shell-Structured Nanocrystals Mai, Hao-Xin; Zhang, Ya-Wen; Sun, Ling-Dong The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp073920d	journal	August 2007
Direct Imaging the Upconversion Nanocrystal Core/Shell Structure at the Subnanometer Level: Shell Thickness Dependence in Upconverting Optical Properties Zhang, Fan; Che, Renchao; Li, Xiaomin Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl300421n	journal	May 2012
Prevalence of Anisotropic Shell Growth in Rare Earth Core–Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals Zhang, Chao; Lee, Jim Yang ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn4009214	journal	April 2013
Lanthanide-Based Heteroepitaxial Core–Shell Nanostructures: Compressive versus Tensile Strain Asymmetry Johnson, Noah J. J.; van Veggel, Frank C. J. M. ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn503946t	journal	October 2014
Three-dimensional controlled growth of monodisperse sub-50 nm heterogeneous nanocrystals Liu, Deming; Xu, Xiaoxue; Du, Yi Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10254	journal	January 2016
Multicolour synthesis in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals through cation exchange in water Han, Sanyang; Qin, Xian; An, Zhongfu Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13059	journal	October 2016
Temporal full-colour tuning through non-steady-state upconversion Deng, Renren; Qin, Fei; Chen, Runfeng Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.317	journal	January 2015
Enhancing solar cell efficiency: the search for luminescent materials as spectral converters Huang, Xiaoyong; Han, Sanyang; Huang, Wei Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35288E	journal	January 2013
Upconversion luminescence with tunable lifetime in NaYF ₄ :Yb,Er nanocrystals: role of nanocrystal size Zhao, Jiangbo; Lu, Zhenda; Yin, Yadong Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2NR32482B	journal	January 2013
Photon upconversion in core–shell nanoparticles Chen, Xian; Peng, Denfeng; Ju, Qiang Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00151F	journal	January 2015
Light upconverting core–shell nanostructures: nanophotonic control for emerging applications Chen, Guanying; Ågren, Hans; Ohulchanskyy, Tymish Y. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00170B	journal	January 2015
Optical nanoprobes for biomedical applications: shining a light on upconverting and near-infrared emitting nanoparticles for imaging, thermal sensing, and photodynamic therapy Hemmer, E.; Acosta-Mora, P.; Méndez-Ramos, J. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 5, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB00403F	journal	January 2017
Absolute quantum yield measurements of colloidal NaYF4: Er3+, Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles Boyer, John-Christopher; van Veggel, Frank C. J. M. Nanoscale, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00253d	journal	January 2010
Upconverting core-shell nanocrystals with high quantum yield under low irradiance: On the role of isotropic and thick shells Fischer, Stefan; Johnson, Noah J. J.; Pichaandi, Jothirmayanantham Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936119	journal	November 2015
Morphologically controlled synthesis of colloidal upconversion nanophosphors and their shape-directed self-assembly Ye, X.; Collins, J. E.; Kang, Y. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008958107	journal	December 2010
An efficient and user-friendly method for the synthesis of hexagonal-phase NaYF ₄ :Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystals with controllable shape and upconversion fluorescence Li, Zhengquan; Zhang, Yong Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345606	journal	July 2008
Linearly Polarized Emission from Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Rods Hu, J. Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5524 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1060810	journal	May 2001
The Spectra of the Doubly and Triply Ionized Rare Earths Dieke, G. H.; Crosswhite, H. M. Applied Optics, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.2.000675	journal	January 1963
Design of plasmonic nanoantennae for enhancing spontaneous emission Rogobete, Lavinia; Kaminski, Franziska; Agio, Mario Optics Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.32.001623	journal	January 2007

Similar Records

Precise Tuning of Surface Quenching for Luminescence Enhancement in Core–Shell Lanthanide-Doped Nanocrystals

Journal Article · Tue Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1532207

Fast synthesis of sub-10 nm β-NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4 core-shell upconversion nanocrystals mediated by oleate ligands

Journal Article · Sun Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Materials Research Bulletin · OSTI ID:22805138

Preparation and upconversion properties of rare earth doped core-shell Y(OH)3 and β-NaYF4 hybrid nanorods

Journal Article · Tue May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Materials Research Bulletin · OSTI ID:22803958

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Controlled Isotropic and Anisotropic Shell Growth in β-NaLnF4 Nanocrystals Induced by Precursor Injection Rate

Citation Formats

References (46)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Controlled Isotropic and Anisotropic Shell Growth in β-NaLnF₄ Nanocrystals Induced by Precursor Injection Rate