Evaluating the Uncertainty of Terrestrial Water Budget Components Over High Mountain Asia

Yoon, Yeosang; Kumar, Sujay V.; Forman, Barton A.; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.; Kwon, Yonghwan; Qian, Yun; Rupper, Summer; Maggioni, Viviana; Houser, Paul; Kirschbaum, Dalia; Richey, Alexandra; Arendt, Anthony; Mocko, David; Jacob, Jossy; Bhanja, Soumendra; Mukherjee, Abhijit

doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00120

Evaluating the Uncertainty of Terrestrial Water Budget Components Over High Mountain Asia

Journal Article · Fri May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Frontiers in Earth Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00120· OSTI ID:1530880

Yoon, Yeosang ^[1]; Kumar, Sujay V. ^[2]; Forman, Barton A. ^[3]; Zaitchik, Benjamin F. ^[4]; Kwon, Yonghwan ^[5]; Qian, Yun ^[6]; Rupper, Summer ^[7]; Maggioni, Viviana ^[8]; Houser, Paul ^[8]; Kirschbaum, Dalia ^[2]; Richey, Alexandra ^[9]; Arendt, Anthony ^[10]; Mocko, David ^[1]; Jacob, Jossy ^[11]; Bhanja, Soumendra ^[12]; Mukherjee, Abhijit ^[13]

Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, VA (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (United States)
Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD (United States)
Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Indian Inst. of Technology, Kharagpur (India)
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (India)

This study explores the uncertainties in terrestrial water budget estimation over High Mountain Asia (HMA) using a suite of uncoupled land surface model (LSM) simulations. The uncertainty in the water balance components of precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R), and terrestrial water storage (TWS) is significantly impacted by the uncertainty in the driving meteorology, with precipitation being the most important boundary condition. Ten gridded precipitation datasets along with a mix of model-, satellite-, and gauge-based products, are evaluated first to assess their suitability for LSM simulations over HMA. The datasets are evaluated by quantifying the systematic and random errors of these products as well as the temporal consistency of their trends. Though the broader spatial patterns of precipitation are generally well captured by the datasets, they differ significantly in their means and trends. In general, precipitation datasets that incorporate information from gauges are found to have higher accuracy with low Root Mean Square Errors and high correlation coefficient values. An ensemble of LSM simulations with selected subset of precipitation products is then used to produce the mean annual fluxes and their uncertainty over HMA in P, ET, and R to be 2.11 ± 0.45, 1.26 ± 0.11, and 0.85 ± 0.36 mm per day, respectively. The mean annual estimates of the surface mass (water) balance components from this model ensemble are comparable to global estimates from prior studies. However, the uncertainty/spread of P, ET, and R is significantly larger than the corresponding estimates from global studies. A comparison of ET, snow cover fraction, and changes in TWS estimates against remote sensing-based references confirms the significant role of the input meteorology in influencing the water budget characterization over HMA and points to the need for improving meteorological inputs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1530880

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2349310
OSTI ID: 1631708

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--148780

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 7; ISSN 2296-6463

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (79)

Precipitation fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya and its vicinity and relationship with some large scale climatological parameters Shrestha, Arun B.; Wake, Cameron P.; Dibb, Jack E. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(20000315)20:3<317::AID-JOC476>3.0.CO;2-G	journal	March 2000
Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades Liu, Xiaodong; Chen, Baode International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 20, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0088(20001130)20:14<1729::AID-JOC556>3.0.CO;2-Y	journal	January 2000
Evaluation of glacier changes in high-mountain Asia based on 10 year GRACE RL05 models: EVALUATION OF GLACIER CHANGES Yi, Shuang; Sun, Wenke Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010860	journal	March 2014
Extended triple collocation: Estimating errors and correlation coefficients with respect to an unknown target: EXTENDED TRIPLE COLLOCATION McColl, Kaighin A.; Vogelzang, Jur; Konings, Alexandra G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061322	journal	September 2014
Evaluation of error in TRMM 3B42V7 precipitation estimates over the Himalayan region: EVALUATION OF ERROR IN TRMM 3B42V7 Bharti, Vidhi; Singh, Charu Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023779	journal	December 2015
Similarity Assessment of Land Surface Model Outputs in the North American Land Data Assimilation System: NLDAS SIMILARITY ASSESSMENT Kumar, Sujay V.; Wang, Shugong; Mocko, David M. Water Resources Research, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020635	journal	November 2017
Karakorum-Hindukush-western Himalaya: assessing high-altitude water resources Winiger, M.; Gumpert, M.; Yamout, H. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 19, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5887	journal	August 2005
Improvement of the Noah land surface model for warm season processes: evaluation of water and energy flux simulation: IMPROVEMENT OF THE NOAH LSM FOR WARM SEASON PROCESSES Wei, Helin; Xia, Youlong; Mitchell, Kenneth E. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9214	journal	March 2012
Historical trends and future predictions of climate variability in the Brahmaputra basin Immerzeel, Walter International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1528	journal	January 2008
Tibetan Plateau precipitation as depicted by gauge observations, reanalyses and satellite retrievals: TIBET PRECIPITATION DEPICTED BY GAUGE, REANALYSES, AND SATELLITE DATA Tong, Kai; Su, Fengge; Yang, Daqing International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3682	journal	February 2013
The ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System: Methodology and validation Molteni, F.; Buizza, R.; Palmer, T. N. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 122, Issue 529 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712252905	journal	January 1996
Analysis of the daily rainfall events over India using a new long period (1901–2010) high resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded rainfall data set Pai, D. S.; Sridhar, Latha; Badwaik, M. R. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 45, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2307-1	journal	August 2014
Comparison of multiple datasets with gridded precipitation observations over the Tibetan Plateau You, Qinglong; Min, Jinzhong; Zhang, Wei Climate Dynamics, Vol. 45, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2310-6	journal	September 2014
The SWOT Mission and Its Capabilities for Land Hydrology Biancamaria, Sylvain; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M. Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-015-9346-y	journal	October 2015
Development of methods for mapping global snow cover using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data Hall, Dorothy K.; Riggs, George A.; Salomonson, Vincent V. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(95)00137-P	journal	November 1995
Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results Friedl, M. A.; McIver, D. K.; Hodges, J. C. F. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 83, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00078-0	journal	November 2002
Observed changes in surface air temperature and precipitation in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region over the last 100-plus years Ren, Yu-Yu; Ren, Guo-Yu; Sun, Xiu-Bao Advances in Climate Change Research, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.08.001	journal	September 2017
Precipitation variability in High Mountain Asia from multiple datasets and implication for water balance analysis in large lake basins Song, Chunqiao; Huang, Bo; Ke, Linghong Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 145 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.08.005	journal	October 2016
Recent advances in (soil moisture) triple collocation analysis Gruber, A.; Su, C. -H.; Zwieback, S. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.09.002	journal	March 2016
Quantifying the uncertainty in passive microwave snow water equivalent observations Foster, James L.; Sun, Chaojiao; Walker, Jeffrey P. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.012	journal	January 2005
Factors affecting remotely sensed snow water equivalent uncertainty Dong, Jiarui; Walker, Jeffrey P.; Houser, Paul R. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 97, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.010	journal	July 2005
Large-scale monitoring of snow cover and runoff simulation in Himalayan river basins using remote sensing Immerzeel, W. W.; Droogers, P.; de Jong, S. M. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 113, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.010	journal	January 2009
Theoretical uncertainty analysis of global MODIS, CYCLOPES, and GLOBCARBON LAI products using a triple collocation method Fang, Hongliang; Wei, Shanshan; Jiang, Chongya Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.013	journal	September 2012
A new global method of satellite dataset merging and quality characterization constrained by the terrestrial water budget Munier, S.; Aires, F. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.008	journal	February 2018
A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model: 1. Model structure Koster, Randal D.; Suarez, Max J.; Ducharne, Agnès Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900327	journal	October 2000
A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model: 2. Parameter estimation and model demonstration Ducharne, Agnès; Koster, Randal D.; Suarez, Max J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900328	journal	October 2000
Validation of ocean wind and wave data using triple collocation Caires, S. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue C3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001491	journal	January 2003
The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results: GRACE MISSION OVERVIEW AND EARLY RESULTS Tapley, B. D.; Bettadpur, S.; Watkins, M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019920	journal	May 2004
A climatological study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental United States based on thermal remote sensing: 1. Model formulation: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND MOISTURE STRESS Anderson, Martha C.; Norman, John M.; Mecikalski, John R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 112, Issue D10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007506	journal	May 2007
Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing Guo, Zhichang; Dirmeyer, Paul A.; Hu, Zeng-Zhen Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue D22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007845	journal	January 2006
Evaluation of precipitation from the ERA-40, NCEP-1, and NCEP-2 Reanalyses and CMAP-1, CMAP-2, and GPCP-2 with ground-based measurements in China Ma, Lijuan; Zhang, Tingjun; Frauenfeld, Oliver W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue D9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011178	journal	January 2009
Rain shadow development during the growth of mountain ranges: An atmospheric dynamics perspective Galewsky, Joseph Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue F1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001085	journal	January 2009
Improving snow processes in the Noah land model Wang, Zhuo; Zeng, Xubin; Decker, Mark Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013761	journal	January 2010
Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge Bookhagen, Bodo; Burbank, Douglas W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue F3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001426	journal	January 2010
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements Niu, Guo-Yue; Yang, Zong-Liang; Mitchell, Kenneth E. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue D12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139	journal	January 2011
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 2. Evaluation over global river basins Yang, Zong-Liang; Niu, Guo-Yue; Mitchell, Kenneth E. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue D12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015140	journal	January 2011
Water storage change in the Himalayas from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and an empirical climate model: STORAGE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAS Moiwo, Juana Paul; Yang, Yonghui; Tao, Fulu Water Resources Research, Vol. 47, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010157	journal	July 2011
Evaluation of precipitation data sets along the Himalayan front: PRECIPITATION EVALUATION Andermann, C.; Bonnet, S.; Gloaguen, R. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003513	journal	July 2011
Evaluation of multireanalysis products with in situ observations over the Tibetan Plateau: EVALUATION OF REANALYSIS OVER TIBETAN PLATEAU Wang, Aihui; Zeng, Xubin Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016553	journal	March 2012
Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates: ACCURACY OF GRACE-TWS Landerer, F. W.; Swenson, S. C. Water Resources Research, Vol. 48, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011453	journal	April 2012
Precipitation in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya: Observations and future scenarios: PRECIPITATION IN HINDU-KUSH KARAKORAM HIMALAYA Palazzi, E.; von Hardenberg, J.; Provenzale, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018697	journal	January 2013
Toward the true near-surface wind speed: Error modeling and calibration using triple collocation Stoffelen, Ad Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 103, Issue C4 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC03180	journal	April 1998
Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India Rodell, Matthew; Velicogna, Isabella; Famiglietti, James S. Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7258 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08238	journal	August 2009
Asia's water balance Immerzeel, W. W.; Bierkens, M. F. P. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1643	journal	November 2012
Emerging trends in global freshwater availability Rodell, M.; Famiglietti, J. S.; Wiese, D. N. Nature, Vol. 557, Issue 7707 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0123-1	journal	May 2018
The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—a new environmental record for monitoring extremes Funk, Chris; Peterson, Pete; Landsfeld, Martin Scientific Data, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66	journal	December 2015
Estimation of the temporal autocorrelation structure by the collocation technique with an emphasis on soil moisture studies Zwieback, Simon; Dorigo, Wouter; Wagner, Wolfgang Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 58, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.839876	journal	October 2013
Sensitivity of passive microwave snow depth retrievals to weather effects and snow evolution Markus, T.; Powell, D. C.; Wang, J. R. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.860208	journal	January 2006
Dynamic Approaches for Snow Depth Retrieval From Spaceborne Microwave Brightness Temperature Tedesco, Marco; Reichle, Rolf; Low, Alexander IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 48, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2009.2036910	journal	April 2010
The Melting Himalayas: Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Water, Biodiversity, and Livelihoods Xu, Jianchu; Grumbine, R. Edward; Shrestha, Arun Conservation Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01237.x	journal	June 2009
Changes in seasonal snow water equivalent distribution in High Mountain Asia (1987 to 2009) Smith, Taylor; Bookhagen, Bodo Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701550	journal	January 2018
GRACE Measurements of Mass Variability in the Earth System Tapley, B. D. Science, Vol. 305, Issue 5683 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1099192	journal	July 2004
Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers Immerzeel, W. W.; van Beek, L. P. H.; Bierkens, M. F. P. Science, Vol. 328, Issue 5984 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188	journal	June 2010
The New Global Operational Analysis System at the National Meteorological Center Derber, John C.; Parrish, David F.; Lord, Stephen J. Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0538:TNGOAS>2.0.CO;2	journal	December 1991
Maximum Temperature Trends in the Himalaya and Its Vicinity: An Analysis Based on Temperature Records from Nepal for the Period 1971–94 Shrestha, Arun B.; Wake, Cameron P.; Mayewski, Paul A. Journal of Climate, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2775:MTTITH>2.0.CO;2	journal	September 1999
CMORPH: A Method that Produces Global Precipitation Estimates from Passive Microwave and Infrared Data at High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Joyce, Robert J.; Janowiak, John E.; Arkin, Phillip A. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0487:CAMTPG>2.0.CO;2	journal	June 2004
APHRODITE: Constructing a Long-Term Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset for Asia Based on a Dense Network of Rain Gauges Yatagai, Akiyo; Kamiguchi, Kenji; Arakawa, Osamu Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 93, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00122.1	journal	September 2012
Global View Of Real-Time Trmm Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis: Implications For Its Successor Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Yong, Bin; Liu, Die; Gourley, Jonathan J. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 96, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00017.1	journal	February 2015
Global Precipitation Trends across Spatial Scales Using Satellite Observations Nguyen, Phu; Thorstensen, Andrea; Sorooshian, Soroosh Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0065.1	journal	April 2018
Precipitation Seasonality and Variability over the Tibetan Plateau as Resolved by the High Asia Reanalysis Maussion, Fabien; Scherer, Dieter; Mölg, Thomas Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00282.1	journal	March 2014
The Observed State of the Water Cycle in the Early Twenty-First Century Rodell, M.; Beaudoing, H. K.; L’Ecuyer, T. S. Journal of Climate, Vol. 28, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00555.1	journal	November 2015
Atmospheric Water Balance and Variability in the MERRA-2 Reanalysis Bosilovich, Michael G.; Robertson, Franklin R.; Takacs, Lawrence Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0338.1	journal	February 2017
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) Gelaro, Ronald; McCarty, Will; Suárez, Max J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1	journal	July 2017
Triple Collocation of Summer Precipitation Retrievals from SEVIRI over Europe with Gridded Rain Gauge and Weather Radar Data Roebeling, R. A.; Wolters, E. L. A.; Meirink, J. F. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-089.1	journal	October 2012
Multiscale Evaluation of the Improvements in Surface Snow Simulation through Terrain Adjustments to Radiation Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-046.1	journal	February 2013
Evaluation of Assumptions in Soil Moisture Triple Collocation Analysis Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Crow, Wade T. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0158.1	journal	June 2014
Diagnosing Neglected Soil Moisture Source–Sink Processes via a Thermal Infrared–Based Two-Source Energy Balance Model Hain, Christopher R.; Crow, Wade T.; Anderson, Martha C. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0017.1	journal	June 2015
The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear, Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales Huffman, George J.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM560.1	journal	February 2007
Modulation of Daily Precipitation over Southwest Asia by the Madden–Julian Oscillation Barlow, Mathew; Wheeler, Matthew; Lyon, Bradfield Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 133, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3026.1	journal	December 2005
SoilGrids1km — Global Soil Information Based on Automated Mapping Hengl, Tomislav; de Jesus, Jorge Mendes; MacMillan, Robert A. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105992	journal	August 2014
Glacier Change, Concentration, and Elevation Effects in the Karakoram Himalaya, Upper Indus Basin Hewitt, Kenneth Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00020.1	journal	August 2011
Nonparametric Tests Against Trend Mann, Henry B. Econometrica, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187	journal	July 1945
Influence of Precipitation Forcing Uncertainty on Hydrological Simulations with the NASA South Asia Land Data Assimilation System Ghatak, Debjani; Zaitchik, Benjamin; Kumar, Sujay Hydrology, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040057	journal	October 2018
GLEAM v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture Martens, Brecht; Miralles, Diego G.; Lievens, Hans Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017	journal	January 2017
Precipitation and snow cover in the Himalaya: from reanalysis to regional climate simulations Ménégoz, M.; Gallée, H.; Jacobi, H. W. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3921-2013	journal	January 2013
Characterization of precipitation product errors across the United States using multiplicative triple collocation Alemohammad, S. H.; McColl, K. A.; Konings, A. G. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3489-2015	journal	January 2015
ERA-Interim/Land: a global land surface reanalysis data set Balsamo, G.; Albergel, C.; Beljaars, A. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-389-2015	journal	January 2015
Reconciling high-altitude precipitation in the upper Indus basin with glacier mass balances and runoff Immerzeel, W. W.; Wanders, N.; Lutz, A. F. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4673-2015	journal	January 2015
Variations of global and continental water balance components as impacted by climate forcing uncertainty and human water use Müller Schmied, Hannes; Adam, Linda; Eisner, Stephanie Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2877-2016	journal	January 2016

Cited By (2)

Exploring the Utility of Machine Learning-Based Passive Microwave Brightness Temperature Data Assimilation over Terrestrial Snow in High Mountain Asia Kwon, Yonghwan; Forman, Barton A.; Ahmad, Jawairia A. Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192265	journal	September 2019
Satellite Remote Sensing of Precipitation and the Terrestrial Water Cycle in a Changing Climate Levizzani, Vincenzo; Cattani, Elsa Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192301	journal	October 2019

Similar Records

Evaluating the Uncertainty of Terrestrial Water Budget Components Over High Mountain Asia

Journal Article · Fri May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Frontiers in Earth Science · OSTI ID:1631708

Water balance in the Amazon basin from a land surface model ensemble

Journal Article · Fri Dec 05 23:00:00 EST 2014 · Journal of Hydrometeorology, 15(6):2586-2614 · OSTI ID:1166835

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
High Mountain Asia
land surface modeling
precipitation
terrestrial water budget
triple
triple collocation
uncertainty

Evaluating the Uncertainty of Terrestrial Water Budget Components Over High Mountain Asia

Citation Formats

References (79)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects