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Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Journal Article · · Nature Materials
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593· OSTI ID:1530237
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [2];  [1]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State)
  4. Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
  5. Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1530237
Journal Information:
Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 15; ISSN 1476-1122
Publisher:
Springer Nature - Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Magnetoentropic signatures of skyrmionic phase behavior in FeGe journal March 2018
Tunable Snell's law for spin waves in heterochiral magnetic films journal March 2018
Evolution of topological skyrmions across the spin reorientation transition in Pt/Co/Ta multilayers journal May 2018
Creation of localized skyrmion bubbles in Co/Pt bilayers using a spin-valve nanopillar journal May 2018
Brownian motion of magnetic domain walls and skyrmions, and their diffusion constants journal June 2018
Chiral skyrmions in an anisotropy gradient journal July 2018
Fluctuation-induced Néel and Bloch skyrmions at topological insulator surfaces journal August 2018
Nonequilibrium phases and segregation for skyrmions on periodic pinning arrays journal October 2018
Alternative to the topological interpretation of the transverse resistivity anomalies in SrRuO 3 journal November 2018
Topological Hall effect for electron scattering on nanoscale skyrmions in external magnetic field journal December 2018
Micromagnetic understanding of the skyrmion Hall angle current dependence in perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnets journal December 2018
Wiggling skyrmion propagation under parametric pumping journal January 2019
Control of domain structure and magnetization reversal in thick Co/Pt multilayers journal January 2019
Chiral magnetic skyrmions with arbitrary topological charge journal February 2019
Current-driven skyrmion depinning in magnetic granular films journal March 2019
Observation of the topological Hall effect and signature of room-temperature antiskyrmions in Mn-Ni-Ga D 2 d Heusler magnets journal April 2019
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Stability and lifetime of antiferromagnetic skyrmions journal April 2019
Element-specific soft x-ray spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging studies of the skyrmion-hosting compound Co 8 Zn 8 Mn 4 journal April 2019
Configurational entropy of magnetic skyrmions as an ideal gas journal May 2019
Magnetic domain wall skyrmions journal May 2019
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Spin Wave Power Flow and Caustics in Ultrathin Ferromagnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction journal November 2016
Skyrmions at the Edge: Confinement Effects in Fe / Ir ( 111 ) journal November 2016
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Dynamical Defects in Rotating Magnetic Skyrmion Lattices journal May 2017
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction across an Antiferromagnet-Ferromagnet Interface journal July 2017
Nanosecond X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy on Magnetic Skyrmions journal August 2017
Helimagnon Resonances in an Intrinsic Chiral Magnonic Crystal journal December 2017
Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscope journal March 2018
Avalanches and Criticality in Driven Magnetic Skyrmions journal March 2018
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction: Effect of 5 d Band Filling and Correlation with Spin Mixing Conductance journal April 2018
Competition of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and Higher-Order Exchange Interactions in Rh / Fe Atomic Bilayers on Ir(111) journal May 2018
Direct Observation of Twisted Surface skyrmions in Bulk Crystals journal May 2018
Current-Driven Dynamics of Magnetic Hopfions journal September 2019
Tuning Magnetic Chirality by Dipolar Interactions journal October 2019
Skyrmion formation in a bulk chiral magnet at zero magnetic field and above room temperature journal December 2017
Role of La doping for topological Hall effect in epitaxial EuO films journal March 2018
Precipitating ordered skyrmion lattices from helical spaghetti and granular powders journal January 2019
Realization of ordered magnetic skyrmions in thin films at ambient conditions journal October 2019
Thermal nucleation and high-resolution imaging of submicrometer magnetic bubbles in thin thulium iron garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy journal January 2020
Determination of crystallographic chirality of MnSi thin film grown on Si (111) substrate journal January 2020
Two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors with room Curie temperatures journal January 2020
Quantum Skyrmions in Frustrated Ferromagnets journal December 2019
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems journal September 2019
Hybrid chiral domain walls and skyrmions in magnetic multilayers journal July 2018
New magnetic phase of the chiral skyrmion material Cu 2 OSeO 3 journal September 2018
Spin–Orbit Effects in CoFeB/MgO Heterostructures with Heavy Metal Underlayers journal June 2016
The skyrmion-bubble transition in a ferromagnetic thin film journal January 2018
Investigation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and room temperature skyrmions in W/CoFeB/MgO thin films and microwires text January 2017
Long-range chiral exchange interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets text January 2019
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and chiral magnetic textures in a ferrimagnetic insulator text January 2019
Thermal skyrmion diffusion used in a reshuffler device text January 2019
Skyrmions and Antiskyrmions in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Magnets journal September 2018
Artificial Dense Lattices of Magnetic Skyrmions journal December 2019
Skyrmion Crystals and Phase Transitions in Magneto-Ferroelectric Superlattices: Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in a Frustrated J1 − J2 Model journal December 2019
Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers text January 2016
Interface-driven topological Hall effect in SrRuO$_3$-SrIrO$_3$ bilayer text January 2016
Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition text January 2017
Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy text January 2017
Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy text January 2017
Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing preprint January 2017
Magnetic skyrmion bubble motion driven by surface acoustic waves text January 2017
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems text January 2018
Magnetoentropic signatures of skyrmionic phase behavior in FeGe text January 2018
Wiggling skyrmion propagation under parametric pumping text January 2018
Skyrmions and antiskyrmions in quasi-two-dimensional magnets text January 2018
Symmetry-Breaking Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions in Synthetic Antiferromagnets text January 2018
Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field preprint January 2018
Disordering, Clustering, and Laning Transitions in Particle Systems with Dispersion in the Magnus Term text January 2018
Quantitative imaging of hybrid chiral spin textures in magnetic multilayer systems by Lorentz microscopy text January 2019
Individual skyrmion manipulation by local magnetic field gradients text January 2019
Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film text January 2019
Dynamical Defects in Rotating Magnetic Skyrmion Lattices text January 2017
Vanishing Skyrmion Hall Effect at the Angular Momentum Compensation Temperature of a Ferrimagnet conference September 2019

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