In Situ Analysis of Opal in Gale Crater, Mars

Rapin, W.; Chauviré, B.; Gabriel, T. S. J.; McAdam, A. C.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Hardgrove, C.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Rondeau, B.; Dehouck, E.; Franz, H. B.; Mangold, N.; Chipera, S. J.; Wiens, Roger Craig; Frydenvang, J.; Schröder, S.

doi:10.1029/2017JE005483

In Situ Analysis of Opal in Gale Crater, Mars

Journal Article · Tue Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JE005483· OSTI ID:1508550

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; McAdam, A. C. ^[4]; ^[1]; ^[3]; ^[5]; Rondeau, B. ^[6]; ^[7]; Franz, H. B. ^[4]; ^[6]; Chipera, S. J. ^[8]; ^[9]; ^[10]; Schröder, S. ^[11]

California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of Technology, Sydney, NSW (Australia); Dr. Eduard Gübelin Association for Research and Identification of Precious Stones, Lucerne (Switzerland)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse (France)
Univ. de Nantes, Nantes (France)
Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse (France); Univ. de Lyon, Villeurbanne (France)
Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse (France); Institut fur Optische Sensorysysteme, Berlin-Adlershof (Germany)

Silica enrichments resulting in up to ~90 wt% SiO₂ have been observed by the Curiosity rover's instruments in Gale crater, Mars, within the Murray and Stimson formations. Samples acquired by the rover drill revealed a significant abundance of an X–ray amorphous silica phase. Laser–induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) highlights an overall correlation of the hydrogen signal with silica content for these Si–enriched targets. The increased hydration of the high–silica rocks compared to the surrounding bedrock is also confirmed by active neutron spectroscopy. Laboratory LIBS experiments have been performed to calibrate the hydrogen signal and show that the correlation observed on Mars is consistent with a silica phase containing on average 6.3 ± 1.4 wt% water. X–ray diffraction and LIBS measurements indicate that opal–A, amorphous hydrated silica, is the most likely phase containing this water in the rocks. Pyrolysis experiments were also performed on drilled samples by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument to measure volatile content, but the data suggests that most of the water was released during handling prior to pyrolysis. Furthermore the inferred low–temperature release of water helps constrain the nature of the opal. Given the geological context and the spatial association with other phases such as calcium sulfates, the opal was likely formed from multiple diagenetic fluid events and possibly represents the latest significant water–rock interaction in these sedimentary rocks.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: NASA; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1508550

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--18-28850

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 123; ISSN 2169-9097

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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58 GEOSCIENCES
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Planetary Sciences
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water

In Situ Analysis of Opal in Gale Crater, Mars

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