All Roads Lead to TiO 2 : TiO 2 -Rich Surfaces of Barium and Strontium Titanate Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis

Crosby, Lawrence A.; Chen, Bor-Rong; Kennedy, Robert M.; Wen, Jianguo; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.; Bedzyk, Michael J.; Marks, Laurence D.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04404

Title: All Roads Lead to TiO ₂ : TiO ₂ -Rich Surfaces of Barium and Strontium Titanate Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis

Journal Article · Tue Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04404· OSTI ID:1508361

^[1]; Chen, Bor-Rong ^[1];

^[2]; Wen, Jianguo ^[3];

^[2];

^[1]; Marks, Laurence D. ^[1]

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States

Through high-resolution electron microscopy, the surface structure of barium titanate and strontium titanate nanoparticles are found to be terminated by a TiO2 double layer. These results confirm prior observations of TiO2-rich surface reconstructions on strontium titanate nanoparticles made hydrothermally at high pH and single crystals prepared with wet chemical etching. Of all the reconstructions observed on single crystals for these two materials, we report for first time the √13 × √13R33.7° structure on the {001} facets of hydrothermally prepared barium titanate and strontium titanate nanocrystals. The aqueous environment common to the two preparation methods preferentially leaves strontium and barium depleted from the A-sites near the surface and leads to TiO2-terminated surfaces for both materials. Analysis indicates that the observed structures are the thermodynamic lowest energy structures in aqueous conditions.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1508361

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 3; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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