Thermal desalination via supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle: Optimal system design and techno-economic analysis without reduction in cycle efficiency

Sharan, Prashant; Neises, Ty; Turchi, Craig

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.039

Title: Thermal desalination via supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle: Optimal system design and techno-economic analysis without reduction in cycle efficiency

Journal Article · Mon Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Applied Thermal Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.039· OSTI ID:1505543

Sharan, Prashant ^[1]; Neises, Ty ^[1]; Turchi, Craig ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

The supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton cycle is an upcoming power cycle potentially providing higher energy efficiency and more compact turbomachinery compared to traditionally used Brayton and Rankine cycles. The heat rejected from the sCO₂ Brayton cycle is quite hot (>70 degrees C) and must be cooled before flowing back to the compressor. However, this heat is ideal for producing fresh water with a thermal desalination system. This paper focuses on integrating multi-effect distillation (MED) with the sCO₂ stream exiting the recuperator. A new methodology for integration of MED with the sCO₂ Brayton cycle is proposed for simultaneous production of power and fresh water. The distillate produced does not affect the sCO₂ cycle efficiency, i.e., distillate is produced without being a parasitic load to the power plant compared to conventional integration of MED with steam Rankine cycle. To maximize the energy recovery from the waste heat stream exiting the sCO₂ cycle, a new methodology is formulated and discussed in the Appendix. Integration of MED with a 115 MW_e sCO₂ power plant (49.2% efficient) produces 2813 m3/day of distillate and the cost of distilled water is 1.1 $/m³. Further, to enhance the distillate production, an innovative MED configuration is proposed, and for the same cycle operating condition with an electrical output 115 MW_e, the net distillate production increases by 59% to 4472 m³/day at 1 $/m³. The cost of desalinated water for the integrated system is 17.8% lower than that of a standalone reverse-osmosis plant having the same capacity. Parametric analysis is performed to calculate the optimal design parameters for the integrated MED-sCO₂ system.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1505543

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1637026

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5500-70259

Journal Information:: Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 152, Issue C; ISSN 1359-4311

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 32 works

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Title: Thermal desalination via supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle: Optimal system design and techno-economic analysis without reduction in cycle efficiency

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Title: Thermal desalination via supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle: Optimal system design and techno-economic analysis without reduction in cycle efficiency