Hard Carbon as Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges

Xiao, Biwei; Rojo, Teófilo; Li, Xiaolin

doi:10.1002/cssc.201801879

Title: Hard Carbon as Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes: Progress and Challenges

Journal Article · Wed Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2018 · ChemSusChem

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801879· OSTI ID:1501586

^[1]; Rojo, Teófilo ^[2];

^[1]

Energy &, Environment DirectoratePacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
CIC energiGUNEParque Tecnológico de Álava C/ Albert Einstein 48 01510 Miñano Spain; Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad del País VascoUPV/EHU P.O. Box 664 48080 Leioa Spain

Hard carbon (HC) is the state-of-the-art anode material for Na-ion batteries due to its excellent overall performance, wide availability and relatively low cost. Recently, tremendous effort has been carried out to elucidate the Na storage mechanism in HC and to explore synthesis approaches that can enhance the performance and lower the cost. However, disputations remain in the fields, particularly on the fundamental questions of ion transfer and storage and the ideal HC structure for high performance. This mini-review aims to give an analysis and summary of the theoretical limitations of HC, discrepancies of the storage mechanism, and methods to improve the performance. In the end, future research on developing ideal structured HC, advanced electrolyte and optimized electrolyte-electrode interphase are proposed on the basis of recent progress.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1501586

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-137454

Journal Information:: ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc Europe

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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