Dexamethasone treatment did not exacerbate Seneca Valley virus infection in nursery-age pigs

Buckley, Alexandra; Montiel, Nestor; Guo, Baoqing; Kulshreshtha, Vikas; van Geelen, Albert; Hoang, Hai; Rademacher, Christopher; Yoon, Kyoung-Jin; Lager, Kelly

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1693-8

Dexamethasone treatment did not exacerbate Seneca Valley virus infection in nursery-age pigs

Journal Article · Tue Nov 20 00:00:00 EST 2018 · BMC Veterinary Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1693-8· OSTI ID:1494687

Buckley, Alexandra ^[1]; Montiel, Nestor ^[1]; Guo, Baoqing ^[2]; Kulshreshtha, Vikas ^[1]; van Geelen, Albert ^[1]; Hoang, Hai ^[2]; Rademacher, Christopher ^[2]; Yoon, Kyoung-Jin ^[2]; Lager, Kelly ^[3]

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (United States)
College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)
National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA (United States)

Background: Senecavirus A, commonly known as Seneca Valley virus (SVV), is a picornavirus that has been infrequently associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). In late 2014 there were multiple PIVD outbreaks in several states in Brazil and samples from those cases tested positive for SVV. Beginning in July of 2015, multiple cases of PIVD were reported in the United States in which a genetically similar SVV was also detected. These events suggested SVV could induce vesicular disease, which was recently demonstrated with contemporary US isolates that produced mild disease in pigs. It was hypothesized that stressful conditions may exacerbate the expression of clinical disease and the following experiment was performed. Two groups of 9-week-old pigs were given an intranasal SVV challenge with one group receiving an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone prior to challenge. After challenge animals were observed for the development of clinical signs and serum and swabs were collected to study viral shedding and antibody production. In addition, pigs were euthanized 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 days post inoculation (dpi) to demonstrate tissue distribution of virus during acute infection. Results: Vesicular disease was experimentally induced in both groups with the duration and magnitude of clinical signs similar between groups. During acute infection [0–14 days post infection (dpi)], SVV was detected by PCR in serum, nasal swabs, rectal swabs, various tissues, and in swabs from ruptured vesicles. From 15 to 30 dpi, virus was less consistently detected in nasal and rectal swabs, and absent from most serum samples. Virus neutralizing antibody was detected by 5 dpi and lasted until the end of the study. Conclusion: Treatment with an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone did not drastically alter the clinical disease course of SVV in experimentally infected nursery aged swine. A greater understanding of SVV pathogenesis and factors that could exacerbate disease can help the swine industry with control and prevention strategies directed against this virus.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23100

OSTI ID:: 1494687

Journal Information:: BMC Veterinary Research, Journal Name: BMC Veterinary Research Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 14; ISSN 1746-6148

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (35)

Construction and characterization of a full-length cDNA infectious clone of emerging porcine Senecavirus A Chen, Zhenhai; Yuan, Fangfeng; Li, Yanhua Virology, Vol. 497 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.003	journal	October 2016
Prevention measures against foot-and-mouth disease in Europe in recent years Leforban, Yves Vaccine, Vol. 17, Issue 13-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00445-9	journal	January 1999
The early pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs infected by contact: a quantitative time-course study using TaqMan RT–PCR Oleksiewicz, Martin B.; Alexandersen, Soren; Donaldson, Alex I. Journal of General Virology, Vol. 82, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-4-747	journal	April 2001
Pathogenesis of Senecavirus A infection in finishing pigs Joshi, Lok R.; Fernandes, Maureen H. V.; Clement, Travis Journal of General Virology, Vol. 97, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000631	journal	December 2016
Complete genome sequence analysis of Seneca Valley virus-001, a novel oncolytic picornavirus Hales, L. M.; Knowles, N. J.; Reddy, P. S. Journal of General Virology, Vol. 89, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83570-0	journal	May 2008
Identification and Complete Genome of Seneca Valley Virus in Vesicular Fluid and Sera of Pigs Affected with Idiopathic Vesicular Disease, Brazil Vannucci, F. A.; Linhares, D. C. L.; Barcellos, D. E. S. N. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12410	journal	September 2015
Senecavirus A : An Emerging Vesicular Infection in Brazilian Pig Herds Leme, R. A.; Zotti, E.; Alcântara, B. K. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12430	journal	September 2015
Neonatal Mortality, Vesicular Lesions and Lameness Associated with Senecavirus A in a U.S. Sow Farm Canning, P.; Canon, A.; Bates, J. L. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 63, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12516	journal	May 2016
IgA Antibody Response of Swine to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Vaccination Pacheco, J. M.; Butler, J. E.; Jew, J. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00429-09	journal	January 2010
Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies Joshi, Lok R.; Mohr, Kristin A.; Clement, Travis Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03390-15	journal	March 2016
Structural Features of the Seneca Valley Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Element: a Picornavirus with a Pestivirus-Like IRES Willcocks, M. M.; Locker, N.; Gomwalk, Z. Journal of Virology, Vol. 85, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01107-10	journal	February 2011
Isolation and full-genome sequencing of Seneca Valley virus in piglets from China, 2016 Qian, Suhong; Fan, Wenchun; Qian, Ping Virology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0631-2	journal	October 2016
Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Assay for Detection of Senecavirus A in Swine Vesicular Diagnostic Specimens Bracht, Alexa J.; O’Hearn, Emily S.; Fabian, Andrew W. PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146211	journal	January 2016
Senecavirus A in Pigs, United States, 2015 Hause, Ben M.; Myers, Olivia; Duff, Joshua Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.151591	journal	July 2016
Novel Senecavirus A in Swine with Vesicular Disease, United States, July 2015 Guo, Baoqing; Piñeyro, Pablo E.; Rademacher, Christopher J. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.151758	journal	July 2016
Vesicular Disease in 9-Week-Old Pigs Experimentally Infected with Senecavirus A Montiel, Nestor; Buckley, Alexandra; Guo, Baoqing Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.151863	journal	July 2016
Detection and Genomic Characterization of Senecavirus A, Ohio, USA, 2015 Wang, Leyi; Prarat, Melanie; Hayes, Jeff Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.151897	journal	July 2017
The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Pigs Stenfeldt, Carolina; Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna; de los Santos, Teresa Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00041	journal	May 2016
Prevention measures against foot-and-mouth disease in Europe in recent years Leforban, Yves Vaccine, Vol. 17, Issue 13-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00445-9	journal	January 1999
Pathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Findings Associated with Senecavirus A-Induced Lesions in Neonatal Piglets Leme, R. A.; Oliveira, T. E. S.; Alfieri, A. F. Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol. 155, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.06.011	journal	August 2016
The First Identification and Complete Genome of Senecavirus A Affecting Pig with Idiopathic Vesicular Disease in China Wu, Q.; Zhao, X.; Bai, Y. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 64, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12557	journal	August 2016
Phylogenetic and genome analysis of seven senecavirus A isolates in China Zhao, X.; Wu, Q.; Bai, Y. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12619	journal	February 2017
The first detection of Senecavirus A in pigs in Thailand, 2016 Saeng-chuto, K.; Rodtian, P.; Temeeyasen, G. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12654	journal	May 2017
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Grubman, M. J.; Baxt, B. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004	journal	April 2004
IgA Antibody Response of Swine to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Vaccination Pacheco, J. M.; Butler, J. E.; Jew, J. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00429-09	journal	January 2010
Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies Joshi, Lok R.; Mohr, Kristin A.; Clement, Travis Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03390-15	journal	March 2016
Structural Features of the Seneca Valley Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Element: a Picornavirus with a Pestivirus-Like IRES Willcocks, M. M.; Locker, N.; Gomwalk, Z. Journal of Virology, Vol. 85, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01107-10	journal	February 2011
Full-Length Genome Sequences of Senecavirus A from Recent Idiopathic Vesicular Disease Outbreaks in U.S. Swine Zhang, J.; Pineyro, P.; Chen, Q. Genome Announcements, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01270-15	journal	November 2015
Foot-and-mouth disease viral loads in pigs in the early, acute stage of disease Murphy, C.; Bashiruddin, J. B.; Quan, M. Veterinary Record, Vol. 166, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.b5583	journal	January 2010
Generation and diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against Seneca Valley virus Yang, Ming; van Bruggen, Rebekah; Xu, Wanhong Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638711426323	journal	December 2011
Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Pigs; Identification of Oropharyngeal Tonsils as Sites of Primary and Sustained Viral Replication Stenfeldt, Carolina; Pacheco, Juan M.; Rodriguez, Luis L. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106859	journal	September 2014
Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples Xu, Wanhong; Hole, Kate; Goolia, Melissa PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176964	journal	May 2017
Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: pigs: -EN- -FR- -ES- Kitching, R. P.; Alexandersen, S. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.21.3.1367	journal	December 2002
Effect of various vaccination procedures on shedding, latency, and reactivation of attenuated and virulent Pseudorabies virus in swine Mengeling, William L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Volz, David M. American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.11.2164	journal	November 1992
Isolation and full-genome sequencing of Seneca Valley virus in piglets from China, 2016 Qian, Suhong; Fan, Wenchun; Qian, Ping Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3610673.v1	collection	January 2016

Cited By (1)

Persistent Infection and Transmission of Senecavirus A from Carrier Sows to Contact Piglets Maggioli, Mayara F.; Fernandes, Maureen H. V.; Joshi, Lok R. Journal of Virology, Vol. 93, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00819-19	journal	August 2019