Sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stems occurs by apoplasmic phloem unloading and does not involve differential Sucrose transporter expression

Bihmidine, Saadia; Baker, R. Frank; Hoffner, Cassandra; Braun, David M.

doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0572-8

Title: Sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stems occurs by apoplasmic phloem unloading and does not involve differential Sucrose transporter expression

Journal Article · Thu Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · BMC Plant Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0572-8· OSTI ID:1494218

Bihmidine, Saadia; Baker, R. Frank; Hoffner, Cassandra; Braun, David M.

Background: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars store non-structural carbohydrates predominantly as either starch in seeds (grain sorghums) or sugars in stems (sweet sorghums). Previous research determined that sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stems was not correlated with the activities of enzymes functioning in sucrose metabolism, and that an apoplasmic transport step may be involved in stem sucrose accumulation. However, the sucrose unloading pathway from stem phloem to storage parenchyma cells remains unelucidated. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) transport sucrose across membranes, and have been proposed to function in sucrose partitioning differences between sweet and grain sorghums. The purpose of this study was to characterize the key differences in carbohydrate accumulation between a sweet and a grain sorghum, to define the path sucrose may follow for accumulation in sorghum stems, and to determine the roles played by sorghum SUTs in stem sucrose accumulation. Results: Dye tracer studies to determine the sucrose transport route revealed that, for both the sweet sorghum cultivar Wray and grain sorghum cultivar Macia, the phloem in the stem veins was symplasmically isolated from surrounding cells, suggesting sucrose was apoplasmically unloaded. Once in the phloem apoplasm, a soluble tracer diffused from the vein to stem parenchyma cell walls, indicating the lignified mestome sheath encompassing the vein did not prevent apoplasmic flux outside of the vein. To characterize carbohydrate partitioning differences between Wray and Macia, we compared the growth, stem juice volume, solute contents, SbSUTs gene expression, and additional traits. Contrary to previous findings, we detected no significant differences in SbSUTs gene expression within stem tissues. Conclusions: Phloem sieve tubes within sweet and grain sorghum stems are symplasmically isolated from surrounding cells; hence, unloading from the phloem likely occurs apoplasmically, thereby defining the location of the previously postulated step for sucrose transport. Additionally, no changes in SbSUTs gene expression were detected in sweet vs. grain sorghum stems, suggesting alterations in SbSUT transcript levels do not account for the carbohydrate partitioning differences between cultivars. A model illustrating sucrose phloem unloading and movement to stem storage parenchyma, and highlighting roles for sucrose transport proteins in sorghum stems is discussed.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: ᅟ; SC0006810; IOS-1025976

OSTI ID:: 1494218

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1441372

Journal Information:: BMC Plant Biology, Journal Name: BMC Plant Biology Vol. 15 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 1471-2229

Publisher:: Springer Science + Business MediaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Cited by: 55 works

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A new reference genome for Sorghum bicolor reveals high levels of sequence similarity between sweet and grain genotypes: implications for the genetics of sugar metabolism Cooper, Elizabeth A.; Brenton, Zachary W.; Flinn, Barry S. BMC Genomics, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5734-x	journal	May 2019
Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation Sekhon, Rajandeep S.; Breitzman, Matthew W.; Silva, Renato R. Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00822	journal	June 2016
Sucrose transporter2 contributes to maize growth, development, and crop yield: ZmSUT2 contributes to plant growth and yield Leach, Kristen A.; Tran, Thu M.; Slewinski, Thomas L. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12527	journal	April 2017
Root lodging is a physical stress that changes gene expression from sucrose accumulation to degradation in sorghum Mizuno, Hiroshi; Kasuga, Shigemitsu; Kawahigashi, Hiroyuki BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1218-9	journal	January 2018
Transcriptome and metabolome reveal redirection of flavonoids in a white testa peanut mutant Wan, Liyun; Lei, Yong; Yan, Liying BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02383-7	journal	April 2020
Tonoplast Sugar Transporters (SbTSTs) putatively control sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stems Bihmidine, Saadia; Julius, Benjamin T.; Dweikat, Ismail Plant Signaling & Behavior, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2015.1117721	journal	January 2016
Increased transpiration is correlated with reduced boron deficiency symptoms in the maize tassel-less1 mutant Matthes, Michaela S.; Robil, Janlo M.; Tran, Thu Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 163, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12717	journal	July 2018

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Parenchyma
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