The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Dornes, C.; Acremann, Y.; Savoini, M.; Kubli, M.; Neugebauer, M. J.; Abreu, E.; Huber, L.; Lantz, G.; Vaz, C. A.  F.; Lemke, H.; Bothschafter, E. M.; Porer, M.; Esposito, V.; Rettig, L.; Buzzi, M.; Alberca, A.; Windsor, Y. W.; Beaud, P.; Staub, U.; Zhu, Diling; Song, Sanghoon; Glownia, J. M.; Johnson, S. L.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7

The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2019 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7· OSTI ID:1493329

Dornes, C. ^[1]; Acremann, Y. ^[2]; Savoini, M. ^[1]; Kubli, M. ^[1]; Neugebauer, M. J. ^[1]; Abreu, E. ^[1]; Huber, L. ^[1]; Lantz, G. ^[1]; Vaz, C. A. F. ^[3]; Lemke, H. ^[4]; Bothschafter, E. M. ^[3]; Porer, M. ^[3]; Esposito, V. ^[3]; Rettig, L. ^[5]; Buzzi, M. ^[6]; Alberca, A. ^[3]; Windsor, Y. W. ^[5]; Beaud, P. ^[4]; Staub, U. ^[3]; Zhu, Diling ^[7] more »

Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.
Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physics, Physics Dept.
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Society, Berlin (Germany). Fritz Haber Inst.
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Inst. for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.; Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL

The Einstein-de Haas effect was originally observed in a landmark experiment demonstrating that the angular momentum associated with aligned electron spins in a ferromagnet can be converted to mechanical angular momentum by reversing the direction of magnetization using an external magnetic field. A related problem concerns the timescale of this angular momentum transfer. Experiments have established that intense photoexcitation in several metallic ferromagnets leads to a drop in magnetization on a timescale shorter than 100 femtoseconds—a phenomenon called ultrafast demagnetization. Although the microscopic mechanism for this process has been hotly debated, the key question of where the angular momentum goes on these femtosecond timescales remains unanswered. Here we use femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction to show that most of the angular momentum lost from the spin system upon laser-induced demagnetization of ferromagnetic iron is transferred to the lattice on sub-picosecond timescales, launching a transverse strain wave that propagates from the surface into the bulk. By fitting a simple model of the X-ray data to simulations and optical data, we estimate that the angular momentum transfer occurs on a timescale of 200 femtoseconds and corresponds to 80 per cent of the angular momentum that is lost from the spin system. Finally, our results show that interaction with the lattice has an essential role in the process of ultrafast demagnetization in this system.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); European Commission

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1493329

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7738 Vol. 565; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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