The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Dornes, C.; Acremann, Y.; Savoini, M.; Kubli, M.; Neugebauer, M. J.; Abreu, E.; Huber, L.; Lantz, G.; Vaz, C. A.  F.; Lemke, H.; Bothschafter, E. M.; Porer, M.; Esposito, V.; Rettig, L.; Buzzi, M.; Alberca, A.; Windsor, Y. W.; Beaud, P.; Staub, U.; Zhu, Diling; Song, Sanghoon; Glownia, J. M.; Johnson, S. L.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7

Title: The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0822-7· OSTI ID:1493329

Dornes, C. ^[1]; Acremann, Y. ^[2]; Savoini, M. ^[1]; Kubli, M. ^[1]; Neugebauer, M. J. ^[1]; Abreu, E. ^[1]; Huber, L. ^[1]; Lantz, G. ^[1]; Vaz, C. A. F. ^[3]; Lemke, H. ^[4]; Bothschafter, E. M. ^[3]; Porer, M. ^[3]; Esposito, V. ^[3]; Rettig, L. ^[5]; Buzzi, M. ^[6]; Alberca, A. ^[3]; Windsor, Y. W. ^[5]; Beaud, P. ^[4]; Staub, U. ^[3]; Zhu, Diling ^[7] more »

Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.
Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physics, Physics Dept.
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Society, Berlin (Germany). Fritz Haber Inst.
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source; Max Planck Inst. for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. for Quantum Electronics, Physics Dept.; Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL

The Einstein-de Haas effect was originally observed in a landmark experiment demonstrating that the angular momentum associated with aligned electron spins in a ferromagnet can be converted to mechanical angular momentum by reversing the direction of magnetization using an external magnetic field. A related problem concerns the timescale of this angular momentum transfer. Experiments have established that intense photoexcitation in several metallic ferromagnets leads to a drop in magnetization on a timescale shorter than 100 femtoseconds—a phenomenon called ultrafast demagnetization. Although the microscopic mechanism for this process has been hotly debated, the key question of where the angular momentum goes on these femtosecond timescales remains unanswered. Here we use femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction to show that most of the angular momentum lost from the spin system upon laser-induced demagnetization of ferromagnetic iron is transferred to the lattice on sub-picosecond timescales, launching a transverse strain wave that propagates from the surface into the bulk. By fitting a simple model of the X-ray data to simulations and optical data, we estimate that the angular momentum transfer occurs on a timescale of 200 femtoseconds and corresponds to 80 per cent of the angular momentum that is lost from the spin system. Finally, our results show that interaction with the lattice has an essential role in the process of ultrafast demagnetization in this system.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); European Commission (EC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1493329

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 565, Issue 7738; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 116 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (55)

Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization in Ferromagnetic Metals Zhang, G. P.; Hübner, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3025	journal	October 2000
Optical excitation of thin magnetic layers in multilayer structures Khorsand, A. R.; Savoini, M.; Kirilyuk, A. Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3850	journal	January 2014
On the nature of “coherent artifact” Lebedev, M. V.; Misochko, O. V.; Dekorsy, T. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1884668	journal	February 2005
Many-Body Theory of Ultrafast Demagnetization and Angular Momentum Transfer in Ferromagnetic Transition Metals Töws, W.; Pastor, G. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.217204	journal	November 2015
Distinguishing the ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital moments in solids Boeglin, C.; Beaurepaire, E.; Halté, V. Nature, Vol. 465, Issue 7297 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09070	journal	May 2010
Super-Diffusive Spin-Transport as a Mechanism of Ultrafast Demagnetization Battiato, Marco; Carva, Karel; Oppeneer, Peter M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1106.2117	text	January 2011
Subpicosecond Magnetization Reversal across Ferrimagnetic Compensation Points Stanciu, C. D.; Tsukamoto, A.; Kimel, A. V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217204	journal	November 2007
Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0305	journal	March 2016
On the Gyromagnetic Ratio and Spectroscopic Splitting Factor of Ferromagnetic Substances Kittel, Charles Physical Review, Vol. 76, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.76.743	journal	September 1949
X-Ray scattering from semiconductor interfaces Macdonald, J. E. Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society, Vol. 89 https://doi.org/10.1039/dc9908900191	journal	January 1990
SGTE data for pure elements Dinsdale, A. T. Calphad, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916(91)90030-N	journal	October 1991
Principles of Optics Born, Max; Wolf, Emil; Bhatia, A. B. Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139644181	book	January 1999
Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel Stamm, C.; Kachel, T.; Pontius, N. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1985	journal	August 2007
Accumulative magnetic switching of ultra-high-density recording media by circularly polarized light Takahashi, Y. K.; Medapalli, R.; Kasai, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.03488	text	January 2016
Dynamics of electron-magnon interaction and ultrafast demagnetization in thin iron films Carpene, E.; Mancini, E.; Dallera, C. Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.174422	journal	November 2008
Surface generation and detection of phonons by picosecond light pulses Thomsen, C.; Grahn, H. T.; Maris, H. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.34.4129	journal	September 1986
Dynamics of Einstein - de Haas Effect: Application to Magnetic Cantilever Jaafar, Reem; Chudnovsky, E. M.; Garanin, D. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0811.3013	text	January 2008
Ultrafast Transport of Laser-Excited Spin-Polarized Carriers in $Au / Fe / MgO (001)$ Melnikov, Alexey; Razdolski, Ilya; Wehling, Tim O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.076601	journal	August 2011
All-optical control of ferromagnetic thin films and nanostructures Lambert, C. -H.; Mangin, S.; Varaprasad, B. S. D. C. S. Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6202 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253493	journal	August 2014
Laser-Induced Demagnetization at Ultrashort Time Scales: Predictions of TDDFT Krieger, K.; Dewhurst, J. K.; Elliott, P. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00621	journal	September 2015
Elastic Constants of Magnesium Oxide Marklund, K.; Mahmoud, S. A. Physica Scripta, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/3/2/005	journal	February 1971
Superdiffusive Spin Transport as a Mechanism of Ultrafast Demagnetization Battiato, M.; Carva, K.; Oppeneer, P. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.027203	journal	July 2010
Laser-Induced Magnetization Dynamics of Lanthanide-Doped Permalloy Thin Films Radu, I.; Woltersdorf, G.; Kiessling, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.117201	journal	March 2009
Concerning the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption Van Vleck, J. H. Physical Review, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.266	journal	May 1950
Elastic constants of monocrystal iron from 3 to 500 K Adams, J. J.; Agosta, D. S.; Leisure, R. G. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2365714	journal	January 2006
Spectral encoding method for measuring the relative arrival time between x-ray/optical pulses Bionta, M. R.; Hartmann, N.; Weaver, M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893657	journal	August 2014
Application of the Method of Lattice Statics to Vacancies in Na, K, Rb, and Cs Flocken, J. W.; Hardy, J. R. Physical Review, Vol. 177, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.177.1054	journal	January 1969
Many-body theory of ultrafast demagnetization and angular momentum transfer in ferromagnetic transition metals Töws, W.; Pastor, G. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.00983	text	January 2015
Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Nickel Beaurepaire, E.; Merle, J. -C.; Daunois, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4250	journal	May 1996
Role of Spin Flips versus Spin Transport in Non Thermal Electrons Excited by Ultrashort Optical Pulses in Transition Metals Shokeen, V.; Piaia, M. Sanchez; Bigot, J. -Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.06756	text	January 2017
A Mechanical Effect Accompanying Magnetization Richardson, O. W. Physical Review (Series I), Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevseriesi.26.248	journal	March 1908
Femtosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy of spin and orbital angular momentum in photoexcited Ni films during ultrafast demagnetization Stamm, C.; Pontius, N.; Kachel, T. Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.104425	journal	March 2010
The Magnetization of Pure Iron and Nickel Crangle, J.; Goodman, G. M. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 321, Issue 1547 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1971.0044	journal	March 1971
Picosecond photoexcitation of acoustic waves in locally canted gold films Pezeril, T.; Leon, F.; Chateigner, D. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2841823	journal	February 2008
Dynamics of the Einstein–de Haas effect: Application to a magnetic cantilever Jaafar, Reem; Chudnovsky, E. M.; Garanin, D. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.104410	journal	March 2009
Femtosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy of spin and orbital angular momentum in photoexcited Ni films during ultrafast demagnetization Stamm, C.; Pontius, N.; Kachel, T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1002.1656	text	January 2010
Experimental access to femtosecond spin dynamics Koopmans, B.; Kampen, M. van; Jonge, W. J. M. de Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/5/324	journal	February 2003
Phonon Dispersion Relation for Iron Minkiewicz, V. J.; Shirane, G.; Nathans, R. Physical Review, Vol. 162, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.162.528	journal	October 1967
CSPAD-140k: A versatile detector for LCLS experiments Herrmann, Sven; Boutet, Sébastien; Duda, Brian Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.057	journal	August 2013
An experimental determination of the Debye-Waller factor for iron by neutron diffraction Mohanlal, S. K. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/12/17/003	journal	September 1979
Accumulative Magnetic Switching of Ultrahigh-Density Recording Media by Circularly Polarized Light Takahashi, Y. K.; Medapalli, R.; Kasai, S. Extended Abstracts of the 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials https://doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2017.a-5-01	conference	September 2017
Magnetic switching in granular FePt layers promoted by near-field laser enhancement Granitzka, Patrick W.; Jal, Emmanuelle; Guyader, Loïc Le arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.01237	text	January 2017
Magnetism in ultrathin film structures Vaz, C. A. F.; Bland, J. A. C.; Lauhoff, G. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/71/5/056501	journal	April 2008
Accumulative Magnetic Switching of Ultrahigh-Density Recording Media by Circularly Polarized Light Takahashi, Y. K.; Medapalli, R.; Kasai, S. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.054004	journal	November 2016
Laser-Induced Magnetization Dynamics of Lanthanide-Doped Permalloy Thin Films Radu, I.; Woltersdorf, Georg; Kiessling, M. Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.14912	text	January 2009
Ultrafast spin transport as key to femtosecond demagnetization Eschenlohr, A.; Battiato, M.; Maldonado, P. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3546	journal	January 2013
Magnetic Switching in Granular FePt Layers Promoted by Near-Field Laser Enhancement Granitzka, Patrick W.; Jal, Emmanuelle; Le Guyader, Loïc Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00052	journal	March 2017
CXLI. The lattice spacings of solid solutions of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt and nickel in α-iron Sutton, A. L.; Hume-Rothery, W. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 46, Issue 383 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441208521140	journal	December 1955
Magnetic pulser and sample holder for time- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on magnetic materials Fognini, A.; Michlmayr, T. U.; Bähler, T. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4731013	journal	June 2012
The X-ray Pump–Probe instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source Chollet, Matthieu; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Cammarata, Marco Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577515005135	journal	April 2015
The Thermal Expansion of Pure Metals: Copper, Gold, Aluminum, Nickel, and Iron Nix, F. C.; MacNair, D. Physical Review, Vol. 60, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.60.597	journal	October 1941
All-optical control of ferromagnetic thin films and nanostructures Lambert, Charles-Henri; Mangin, Stephane; Varaprasad, B. S. D. Ch. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.0784	text	January 2014
Controlling the Competition between Optically Induced Ultrafast Spin-Flip Scattering and Spin Transport in Magnetic Multilayers Turgut, Emrah; La-o-vorakiat, Chan; Shaw, Justin M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.197201	journal	May 2013
Investigating the contribution of superdiffusive transport to ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic thin films Schellekens, A. J.; Verhoeven, W.; Vader, T. N. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812658	journal	June 2013
Quantum many-body dynamics of the Einstein–de Haas effect Mentink, J. H.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Lemeshko, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.064428	journal	February 2019

Cited By (16)

Orbital magnetic moments of phonons Juraschek, Dominik M.; Spaldin, Nicola A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.05379	text	January 2018
Giant localised spin-Peltier effect due to ultrafast domainwalls motion in antiferromagnetic metals Otxoa, Rubén M.; Atxitia, Unai; Roy, Pierre E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.08034	text	January 2019
Giant localised spin-Peltier effect due to ultrafast domain wall motion in antiferromagnetic metals Otxoa, R. M.; Atxitia, U.; Roy, P. E. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.64335	text	January 2020
Tailoring atomic layer growth at the liquid-metal interface Cao, Hai; Waghray, Deepali; Knoppe, Stefan Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07381-w	journal	November 2018
Spin-orbit torque-mediated spin-wave excitation as an alternative paradigm for femtomagnetism Zhang, G. P.; Murakami, M.; Bai, Y. H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110522	journal	September 2019
Ab initio theory of magnetization induced by light absorption in ferromagnets Scheid, Philippe; Malinowski, Gregory; Mangin, Stéphane Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.214402	journal	December 2019
Reduced Models for Ferromagnetic Thin Films with Periodic Surface Roughness Morini, M.; Slastikov, V. Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-017-9416-z	journal	October 2017
Theoretical Investigation of All Optical Switching by Intersystem Crossing Zou, Yuhao; Wang, Haiwei; Huang, Haozhe Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010128	journal	December 2019
Spin-orbit torque-mediated spin-wave excitation as an alternative paradigm for femtomagnetism Zhang, G. P.; Murakami, M.; Bai, Y. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.01736	text	January 2019
Role of dimensional crossover on spin-orbit torque efficiency in magnetic insulator thin films Shao, Qiming; Tang, Chi; Yu, Guoqiang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.07584	text	January 2017
Giant localised spin-Peltier effect due to ultrafast domain wall motion in antiferromagnetic metals Otxoa, R. M.; Atxitia, U.; Roy, P. E. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.64952	text	January 2020
High Volume-Per-Dose and Low Resistivity of Cobalt Nanowires Grown by Ga+ Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121715	journal	December 2019
Dimensionality Effects in FeGe2 Nanowires: Enhanced Anisotropic Magnetization and Anomalous Electrical Transport Tang, Siwei; Kravchenko, Ivan; Ward, T. Z. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05771-6	journal	August 2017
Orbital magnetic moments of phonons Juraschek, Dominik M.; Spaldin, Nicola A. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.064405	journal	June 2019
Interfacial Spin Glass State and Exchange Bias in the Epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaNiO3 Bilayer Zhou, Guo-wei; Guan, Xiao-fen; Bai, Yu-hao Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-2110-0	journal	May 2017
Giant localised spin-Peltier effect due to ultrafast domain wall motion in antiferromagnetic metals Otxoa, R. M.; Atxitia, U.; Roy, P. E. Communications Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-020-0296-4	journal	February 2020

Similar Records

Revealing angular momentum transfer channels and timescales in the ultrafast demagnetization process of ferromagnetic semiconductors

Journal Article · Mon Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1493329

Chen, Zhanghui; Luo, Jun-Wei; Wang, Lin-Wang

Laser-induced forces on atoms during ultrafast demagnetization

Journal Article · Tue Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · OSTI ID:1493329

Zhang, Guo Ping; Bai, Y. H.

Soliton formation and topology manipulation of coupled spins via ultrafast re-magnetization

Technical Report · Tue Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · OSTI ID:1493329

Fullerton, Eric; Shpyrko, Oleg; Silva, Thomas; +2 more

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Title: The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Citation Formats

References (55)

Cited By (16)

Similar Records

Related Subjects