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High-efficiency two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18306· OSTI ID:1492605
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [6];  [2];  [2];  [7];  [7];  [4];  [2];  [8];  [8];  [5];  [3];  [2]
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Nanoengineering
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Engineering and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center
  4. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
  5. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Engineering and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center
  6. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Nanoengineering; Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Lab. for Nanophotonics, Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
  7. Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l’Information (FOTON), Rennes (France)
  8. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Nanoengineering
Three-dimensional organic–inorganic perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising thin-film solar cell materials owing to their remarkable photophysical properties, which have led to power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20 per cent, with the prospect of further improvements towards the Shockley– Queisser limit for a single-junction solar cell (33.5 per cent). Besides efficiency, another critical factor for photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications is environmental stability and photostability under operating conditions. In contrast to their three-dimensional counterparts, Ruddlesden–Popper phases—layered two-dimensional perovskite films—have shown promising stability, but poor efficiency at only 4.73 per cent. This relatively poor efficiency is attributed to the inhibition of out-of-plane charge transport by the organic cations, which act like insulating spacing layers between the conducting inorganic slabs. Here we overcome this issue in layered perovskites by producing thin films of near-single-crystalline quality, in which the crystallographic planes of the inorganic perovskite component have a strongly preferential out-of-plane alignment with respect to the contacts in planar solar cells to facilitate efficient charge transport. We report a photovoltaic efficiency of 12.52 per cent with no hysteresis, and the devices exhibit greatly improved stability in comparison to their three-dimensional counterparts when subjected to light, humidity and heat stress tests. Unencapsulated two-dimensional perovskite devices retain over 60 per cent of their efficiency for over 2,250 hours under constant, standard (AM1.5G) illumination, and exhibit greater tolerance to 65 per cent relative humidity than do three-dimensional equivalents. When the devices are encapsulated, the layered devices do not show any degradation under constant AM1.5G illumination or humidity. Finally, we anticipate that these results will lead to the growth of single-crystalline, solution-processed, layered, hybrid, perovskite thin films, which are essential for high performance opto-electronic devices with technologically relevant long-term stability.
Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; EE0004946
OSTI ID:
1492605
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1330238
OSTI ID: 1579836
OSTI ID: 1388183
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--17-22530
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7616 Vol. 536; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Compositional and orientational control in metal halide perovskites of reduced dimensionality journal September 2018
Molecularly thin two-dimensional hybrid perovskites with tunable optoelectronic properties due to reversible surface relaxation journal September 2018
Low-dimensional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction journal January 2018
Metal halide perovskite nanostructures for optoelectronic applications and the study of physical properties journal February 2019
Planar perovskite solar cells with long-term stability using ionic liquid additives journal July 2019
Investigation of Thermally Induced Degradation in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells using In-situ Synchrotron Radiation Analysis journal July 2017
Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity journal March 2018
Single-crystalline layered metal-halide perovskite nanowires for ultrasensitive photodetectors journal July 2018
Beyond methylammonium lead iodide: prospects for the emergent field of ns 2 containing solar absorbers journal January 2017
A close examination of the structure and dynamics of HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 by MD simulations and group theory journal January 2016
Insights into charge carrier dynamics in organo-metal halide perovskites: from neat films to solar cells journal January 2017
Searching for promising new perovskite-based photovoltaic absorbers: the importance of electronic dimensionality journal January 2017
Controlling cation segregation in perovskite-based electrodes for high electro-catalytic activity and durability journal January 2017
Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering journal January 2018
Two-dimensional halide perovskite nanomaterials and heterostructures journal January 2018
Stable high efficiency two-dimensional perovskite solar cells via cesium doping journal January 2017
Engineering interface structures between lead halide perovskite and copper phthalocyanine for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells journal January 2017
The merit of perovskite's dimensionality; can this replace the 3D halide perovskite? journal January 2018
Stable and conductive lead halide perovskites facilitated by X-type ligands journal January 2017
Chemical tuning of dynamic cation off-centering in the cubic phases of hybrid tin and lead halide perovskites journal January 2017
Mixed cation hybrid lead halide perovskites with enhanced performance and stability journal January 2017
Recent advances in perovskite solar cells: efficiency, stability and lead-free perovskite journal January 2017
Low-dimensional hybrid perovskites as high performance anodes for alkali-ion batteries journal January 2017
Semiconductor plasmon-sensitized broadband upconversion and its enhancement effect on the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells journal January 2017
Tetrabutylammonium cations for moisture-resistant and semitransparent perovskite solar cells journal January 2017
Gas induced conversion of hybrid perovskite single crystal to single crystal for great enhancement of their photoelectric properties journal January 2017
Enhancing moisture tolerance in efficient hybrid 3D/2D perovskite photovoltaics journal January 2018
Influence of metal substitution on hybrid halide perovskites: towards lead-free perovskite solar cells journal January 2018
Exploring the effects of interfacial carrier transport layers on device performance and optoelectronic properties of planar perovskite solar cells journal January 2017
Degradation of encapsulated perovskite solar cells driven by deep trap states and interfacial deterioration journal January 2018
Broadband white-light emission with a high color rendering index in a two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite journal January 2018
Highly efficient white-light emission in a polar two-dimensional hybrid perovskite journal January 2018
In situ identification of cation-exchange-induced reversible transformations of 3D and 2D perovskites journal January 2018
Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly journal January 2019
Chemically controlled crystal growth of (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 AgInBr 6 journal January 2018
Role of alkyl chain length in diaminoalkane linked 2D Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites journal January 2018
Controllable growth of two-dimensional perovskite microstructures journal January 2018
Syntheses of two-dimensional propylammonium lead halide perovskite microstructures by a solution route journal January 2019
Influence of a cobalt additive in spiro-OMeTAD on charge recombination and carrier density in perovskite solar cells investigated using impedance spectroscopy journal January 2018
High transport and excellent optical property of a two-dimensional single-layered hybrid perovskite (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 : a theoretical study journal January 2018
Rational chemical doping of metal halide perovskites journal January 2019
Perovskite precursor solution chemistry: from fundamentals to photovoltaic applications journal January 2019
An overview on enhancing the stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots and their applications in phosphor-converted LEDs journal January 2019
A facile synthesis of two new IR optical perovskites based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane with a high laser damage threshold journal January 2018
Structural features and their functions in surfactant-armoured methylammonium lead iodide perovskites for highly efficient and stable solar cells journal January 2018
Vapor-fumigation for record efficiency two-dimensional perovskite solar cells with superior stability journal January 2018
High performance ambient-air-stable FAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells with molecule-passivated Ruddlesden–Popper/3D heterostructured film journal January 2018
Enhancement in lifespan of halide perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Enhanced moisture stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells based on sulfur–oleylamine surface modification journal January 2019
Phase control of quasi-2D perovskites and improved light-emitting performance by excess organic cations and nanoparticle intercalation journal January 2019
Moisture-tolerant supermolecule for the stability enhancement of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells in ambient air journal January 2019
(1,4-Butyldiammonium)CdBr 4 : a layered organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite with a visible-blind ultraviolet photoelectric response journal January 2018
Engineering two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for wearable biomedical sensors and power devices journal January 2018
Totally room-temperature solution-processing method for fabricating flexible perovskite solar cells using an Nb 2 O 5 –TiO 2 electron transport layer journal January 2018
Improving the stability and decreasing the trap state density of mixed-cation perovskite solar cells through compositional engineering journal January 2018
Layered hybrid perovskite solar cells based on single-crystalline precursor solutions with superior reproducibility journal January 2018
Versatile perovskite solar cell encapsulation by low-temperature ALD-Al 2 O 3 with long-term stability improvement journal January 2018
2D layered organic–inorganic heterostructures for clean energy applications journal January 2018
First-principles insights into tin-based two-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaics journal January 2018
Recent progressive efforts in perovskite solar cells toward commercialization journal January 2018
Efficient solar cells with enhanced humidity and heat stability based on benzylammonium–caesium–formamidinium mixed-dimensional perovskites journal January 2018
Identifying and controlling phase purity in 2D hybrid perovskite thin films journal January 2018
Interfacial engineering enables high efficiency with a high open-circuit voltage above 1.23 V in 2D perovskite solar cells journal January 2018
A simple method for phase control in two-dimensional perovskite solar cells journal January 2018
Efficient ambient-air-stable HTM-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells with hybrid 2D–3D lead halide photoabsorbers journal January 2018
Multi-layered hybrid perovskites templated with carbazole derivatives: optical properties, enhanced moisture stability and solar cell characteristics journal January 2018
Enabling room-temperature processed highly efficient and stable 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells with eliminated hysteresis by synergistic exploitation of additives and solvents journal January 2019
First-principles characterization of two-dimensional (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 ) n−1 Ge n I 3n+1 perovskite journal January 2018
Stability progress of perovskite solar cells dependent on the crystalline structure: From 3D ABX 3 to 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite absorbers journal January 2019
Lithium-ion batteries: outlook on present, future, and hybridized technologies journal January 2019
Emission enhancement and bandgap retention of a two-dimensional mixed cation lead halide perovskite under high pressure journal January 2019
Photo-oxidative degradation of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite: mechanism and protection journal January 2019
Binary organic spacer-based quasi-two-dimensional perovskites with preferable vertical orientation and efficient charge transport for high-performance planar solar cells journal January 2019
Promising photovoltaic and solid-state-lighting materials: two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper type lead-free halide double perovskites Cs n+1 In n/2 Sb n/2 I 3n+1 ( n = 3) and Cs n+1 In n/2 Sb n/2 Cl 3n+1 /Cs m+1 Cu m/2 Bi m/2 Cl 3m+1 ( n = 3, m = 1) journal January 2018
Quantifying multiple crystallite orientations and crystal heterogeneities in complex thin film materials journal January 2019
Optical deformation potential and self-trapped excitons in 2D hybrid perovskites journal January 2019
Enhanced V OC of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells using binary synergetic organic spacer cations journal January 2020
Phthalocyanines and porphyrinoid analogues as hole- and electron-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
The charge carrier dynamics, efficiency and stability of two-dimensional material-based perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Enhanced yield-mobility products in hybrid halide Ruddlesden–Popper compounds with aromatic ammonium spacers journal January 2019
An interface stabilized perovskite solar cell with high stabilized efficiency and low voltage loss journal January 2019
Searching for stability at lower dimensions: current trends and future prospects of layered perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
The impact of energy alignment and interfacial recombination on the internal and external open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Broadband white light emission from one-dimensional zigzag edge-sharing perovskite journal January 2020
All-polymer methylammonium lead iodide perovskite microcavities journal January 2019
Single-phase alkylammonium cesium lead iodide quasi-2D perovskites for color-tunable and spectrum-stable red LEDs journal January 2019
Understanding the mechanism of metal-induced degradation in perovskite nanocrystals journal January 2019
Liquid-phase growth and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) journal January 2020
A two-dimensional bilayered Dion–Jacobson-type perovskite hybrid with a narrow bandgap for broadband photodetection journal January 2020
Two-dimensional additive diethylammonium iodide promoting crystal growth for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Electronic and optical absorption properties of organic–inorganic perovskites as influenced by different long-chain diamine molecules: first-principles calculations journal January 2019
A photo-crosslinkable bis-triarylamine side-chain polymer as a hole-transport material for stable perovskite solar cells journal January 2020
Orientationally engineered 2D/3D perovskite for high efficiency solar cells journal January 2020
High performance low-dimensional perovskite solar cells based on a one dimensional lead iodide perovskite journal January 2019
Band engineering of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites for solar utilization: the relationship between chemical components and electronic properties journal January 2019
(C 6 H 5 NH 3 )BiI 4 : a lead-free perovskite with >330 days humidity stability for optoelectronic applications journal January 2019
Engineering the underlying surface to manipulate the growth of 2D perovskites for highly efficient solar cells journal January 2019
Unique characteristics of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) perovskite for future photovoltaic application journal January 2019
Metal halide perovskites under compression journal January 2019
Reducing trap density and carrier concentration by a Ge additive for an efficient quasi 2D/3D perovskite solar cell journal January 2020
Strong thickness-dependent quantum confinement in all-inorganic perovskite Cs 2 PbI 4 with a Ruddlesden–Popper structure journal January 2019
Methylamine-induced defect-healing and cationic substitution: a new method for low-defect perovskite thin films and solar cells journal January 2019
Barium acetate as an additive for high performance perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
The role of excitons in 3D and 2D lead halide perovskites journal January 2019
In situ growth of a 2D/3D mixed perovskite interface layer by seed-mediated and solvent-assisted Ostwald ripening for stable and efficient photovoltaics journal January 2020
Exciton-band tuning induced by the width of the cation in 2D lead iodide perovskite hybrids journal January 2020
Cystamine-configured lead halide based 2D hybrid molecular crystals: Synthesis and photoluminescence systematics journal November 2018
Trap states in multication mesoscopic perovskite solar cells: A deep levels transient spectroscopy investigation journal December 2018
Dielectric and ferroic properties of metal halide perovskites journal January 2019
Preface: Two dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites journal November 2018
Scaling of the free and the relaxed exciton in perovskites (RNH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 ) p −1 Pb p I 3 p +1 large sized monolayers journal August 2019
Long-lived charge separation in two-dimensional ligand-perovskite heterostructures journal January 2020
Electric-field-induced phase transition in 2D layered perovskite (BA) 2 PbI 4 microplate crystals journal February 2020
Isothermal pressure-derived metastable states in 2D hybrid perovskites showing enduring bandgap narrowing journal July 2018
Synthesis and optical applications of low dimensional metal-halide perovskites journal January 2020
Recent progress in stability of perovskite solar cells journal January 2017
Recent progress towards roll-to-roll manufacturing of perovskite solar cells using slot-die processing journal January 2020
Inorganic–organic halide perovskites for new photovoltaic technology journal August 2017
Influence of π -conjugated cations and halogen substitution on the optoelectronic and excitonic properties of layered hybrid perovskites journal October 2018
Band gap evolution in Ruddlesden-Popper phases journal October 2019
Structural and optical properties of 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper perovskite (BA) 2 (FA) n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 compounds for photovoltaic applications journal January 2019
Distinct conducting layer edge states in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite journal July 2019
An organic-inorganic perovskite ferroelectric with large piezoelectric response journal July 2017
Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation journal February 2017
Extremely efficient internal exciton dissociation through edge states in layered 2D perovskites journal March 2017
Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells journal November 2017
Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with an Up-Conversion Material of Er3+-Yb3+-Li+ Tri-doped TiO2 journal May 2018
Random lasing in uniform perovskite thin films journal December 2017
Detailed balance analysis of plasmonic metamaterial perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Coherent Spin and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Solution-Processed Layered 2D Lead Halide Perovskites. text January 2018
Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions text January 2019
A Review: Thermal Stability of Methylammonium Lead Halide Based Perovskite Solar Cells journal January 2019
Nanostructured Perovskite Solar Cells journal October 2019
Band-edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single crystals of Layered Hybrid Perovskites preprint January 2019
Engineering Multiphase Metal Halide Perovskites Thin Films for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells text January 2020

Figures / Tables (13)


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