Direct spectroscopic evidence for mixed-valence Tl in the low carrier-density superconductor Pb1-xTlxTe

Walmsley, P.; Liu, C.; Palczewski, A. D.; Giraldo-Gallo, P.; Olson, C. G.; Fisher, I. R.; Kaminski, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.184506

Title: Direct spectroscopic evidence for mixed-valence Tl in the low carrier-density superconductor ${Pb}_{1 - x} {Tl}_{x} Te$

Journal Article · Thu Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Physical Review. B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.184506· OSTI ID:1487218

Walmsley, P. ^[1]; Liu, C. ^[2]; Palczewski, A. D. ^[3]; Giraldo-Gallo, P. ^[4]; Olson, C. G. ^[5]; Fisher, I. R. ^[1]; Kaminski, A. ^[5]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials and Dept. of Applied Physics
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Southern Univ. of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong (China)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials and Dept. of Applied Physics; Univ. de Los Andes, Bogotá (Colombia). Dept. of Physics
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

Upon doping with Tl the narrow band-gap semiconductor PbTe exhibits anomalously high-temperature superconductivity despite a very low carrier-density as well as signatures of the Kondo effect despite an absence of magnetic moments. These phenomena have been explained by invoking 2e fluctuations of the valence of the Tl dopants, but a direct measurement of the mixed valency implied by such a mechanism has not been reported to date. Here in this work we present the unambiguous observation of multiple valences of Tl in Tl-doped PbTe via photoemission spectroscopy measurements. It is shown via a quantitative analysis that the suppression of the carrier density in compositions exhibiting superconductivity and Kondo-like behavior can be accounted for by mixed valency, thus arguing against a self-compensation scenario proposed elsewhere for this material and strengthening the case for valence fluctuation models. In addition to the identification of Tl⁺ and Tl³⁺ a possible third intermediate local charge-density is suggested by full fits to the data, the origins of which are also discussed but remain unclear.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358; FA9550-09-1-0583; DMR 9212658

OSTI ID:: 1487218

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1482285

Report Number(s):: IS-J-9823; PRBMDO

Journal Information:: Physical Review. B, Vol. 98, Issue 18; ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 15 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (33)

Superconductivity in Charge Kondo Systems Dzero, Maxim; Schmalian, Jörg Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.157003	journal	April 2005
Evidence for Charge Kondo Effect in Superconducting Tl-Doped PbTe Matsushita, Y.; Bluhm, H.; Geballe, T. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.157002	journal	April 2005
Heavy-fermion behavior in a negative- U Anderson model Taraphder, A.; Coleman, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 66, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2814	journal	May 1991
Thermopower of thermoelectric materials with resonant levels: PbTe:Tl versus PbTe:Na and ${Cu}_{1 - x} {Ni}_{x}$ Wiendlocha, Bartlomiej Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.205203	journal	May 2018
Type II superconducting parameters of Tl-doped PbTe determined from heat capacity and electronic transport measurements Matsushita, Y.; Wianecki, P. A.; Sommer, A. T. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.134512	journal	October 2006
Complex role for thallium in PbTe:Tl from local probe studies Keiber, T.; Bridges, F.; Sales, B. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144104	journal	April 2013
The charge state of Tl impurities in PbTe Waddington, S. D.; Weightman, P.; Grassie, A. D. C. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/21/14/010	journal	May 1988
Double-valence-fluctuating molecules and superconductivity Hirsch, J. E.; Scalapino, D. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 32, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.32.5639	journal	November 1985
Formation and Optical Absorption Spectra of Mixed Valence State of Tl in Tl ₂ Nb ₂ O _{6+ x} with Pyrochlore Structure Mizoguchi, Hiroshi; Kawazoe, Hiroshi; Ueda, Takahiro Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.111	journal	January 1996
Indirect nuclear exchange coupling and electronic structure of the layered semiconductor TlS: NMR study and band structure calculation Panich, A. M.; Kashida, S. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 16, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/18/008	journal	April 2004
Doping Induced Evolution of Fermi Surface in Low Carrier Superconductor Tl-Doped PbTe Nakayama, K.; Sato, T.; Takahashi, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.227004	journal	June 2008
Mixed-valence impurities in lead telluride-based solid solutions Volkov, Boris A.; Ryabova, Ludmila I.; Khokhlov, Dmitrii R. Physics-Uspekhi, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1070/PU2002v045n08ABEH001146	journal	August 2002
Superconductivity in metals containing negative-U centers. Exciton and phonon models Mal'shukov, A. G. Solid State Communications, Vol. 77, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(91)90426-V	journal	January 1991
Superconductivity in doped semiconductors Bustarret, E. Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, Vol. 514 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.021	journal	July 2015
Anomalous ¹²⁵ Te Nuclear Spin Relaxation Coincident with Charge Kondo Behavior in Superconducting Pb ₁₋ _x Tl _x Te Mukuda, Hidekazu; Matsumura, Takashi; Maki, Shota Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.87.023706	journal	February 2018
Resonant levels in bulk thermoelectric semiconductors Heremans, Joseph P.; Wiendlocha, Bartlomiej; Chamoire, Audrey M. Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1EE02612G	journal	January 2012
Thallium dopant in lead chalcogenides: investigation methods and peculiarities Nemov, S. A.; Ravich, Yu I. Physics-Uspekhi, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1998v041n08ABEH000427	journal	August 1998
Deep and resonance states in A ^IV B ^VI semiconductors Kaĭdanov, V. I.; Ravich, Yu I. Soviet Physics Uspekhi, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1985v028n01ABEH003632	journal	January 1985
Fermi surface evolution of Na-doped PbTe studied through density functional theory calculations and Shubnikov–de Haas measurements Giraldo-Gallo, P.; Sangiorgio, B.; Walmsley, P. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.195141	journal	November 2016
Missing valence states, diamagnetic insulators, and superconductors Varma, C. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2713	journal	December 1988
Doping of PbTe with Group-III elements: An ionic lattice approach Weiser, K. Physical Review B, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.23.2741	journal	March 1981
Superconducting $T_{c}$ enhancement due to negative- U impurities: Monte Carlo study of a local exciton model Schüttler, H. - B.; Jarrell, M.; Scalapino, D. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 39, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.6501	journal	April 1989
Behaviour of group IIIA impurities in PbTe: implications to improve thermoelectric efficiency Xiong, K.; Lee, G.; Gupta, R. P. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/40/405403	journal	September 2010
Superconductivity and transport properties of narrow-gap semiconductor Pb(Tl)Te film by HWE growth Murakami, Hironaru; Hattori, Wataru; Aoki, Ryozo Physica C: Superconductivity, Vol. 269, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(96)00463-7	journal	September 1996
Mixed-valence compounds Varma, C. M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.48.219	journal	April 1976
Rational design of p-type thermoelectric PbTe: temperature dependent sodium solubility Yamini, Sima Aminorroaya; Ikeda, Teruyuki; Lalonde, Aaron Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta11654a	journal	January 2013
Deep and resonance states in A<sup>IV</sup> B<sup>VI</sup> semiconductors [Глубокие и резонансные состояния в полупроводниках типа A^IVB^VI] Kaidanov, V. I.; Ravich, Yu. I. Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk, Vol. 145, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0145.198501b.0051	journal	January 1985
Thallium dopant in lead chalcogenides: investigation methods and peculiarities [Primes' talliya v khal'kogenidakh svintsa: metody issledovaniya i osobennosti] Nemov, S. A.; Ravich, Yu. I. Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk, Vol. 168, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0168.199808a.0817	journal	January 1998
Mixed-valence impurities in lead telluride-based solid solutions [Primesi s peremennoi valentnost'yu v tverdykh rastvorakh na osnove tellurida svintsa] Volkov, Boris A.; Ryabova, Ludmila I.; Khokhlov, Dmitrii R. Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk, Vol. 172, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0172.200208b.0875	journal	January 2002
Evidence for charge Kondo effect in superconducting Tl-doped PbTe Fisher, I. R.; Matsushita, Y.; Bluhm, H. Optics & Photonics 2005, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620179	conference	August 2005
Anomalous ^{125}Te Nuclear Spin Relaxation Coincident with Charge Kondo Behavior in Superconducting Pb_{1-x}Tl_{x}Te Mukuda, H.; Matsumura, T.; Maki, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.00747	text	January 2017
Evidence for charge Kondo effect in superconducting Tl-doped PbTe Matsushita, Y.; Bluhm, H.; Geballe, T. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0409174	text	January 2004
The ageing brain, neuroleptic drugs and the enigma of schizophrenia Waddington, John L. Irish Journal of Medical Science, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02949282	journal	May 1988

Cited By (2)

Physics of Superconducting Transition Temperatures Kivelson, Steven A. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-05254-x	journal	November 2019
Physics of Superconducting Transition Temperatures Kivelson, Steven A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.00030	preprint	January 2019

Similar Records

Europium mixed-valence, long-range magnetic order, and dynamic magnetic response in

{EuCu}_{2} {(Si}_{x} {Ge}_{1 - x})_{2}

Journal Article · Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1487218

Nemkovski, Krill S.; Kozlenko, D. P.; Alekseev, Pavel A.; +9 more

Evidence of Incoherent Carriers Associated with Resonant Impurity Levels and Their Influence on Superconductivity in the Anomalous Superconductor

{Pb}_{1 - x} {Tl}_{x} Te

Journal Article · Tue Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1487218

Giraldo-Gallo, P.; Walmsley, P.; Sangiorgio, B.; +9 more

Dimensional crossover in the quasi-one-dimensional superconductor

{Tl}_{2} {Mo}_{6} {Se}_{6}

Journal Article · Tue Aug 14 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1487218

Mitra, S.; Petrović, A. P.; Salloum, D.; +5 more

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Title: Direct spectroscopic evidence for mixed-valence Tl in the low carrier-density superconductor Pb 1 - x Tl x Te

Citation Formats

References (33)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Direct spectroscopic evidence for mixed-valence Tl in the low carrier-density superconductor ${Pb}_{1 - x} {Tl}_{x} Te$